Loading... <p style="text-align: center">前言</p> <p>一个linux菜鸟往往因为对与linux安装软件的复杂而望而却步,特别是从windows到linux的用户肯定表示接受不了。确实linux下装软件想做到win下下一步下一步完成目前来说是不可能的。</p> <p>linux下软件安装有3种方法: 一种是源码安装,需要用户自己手动编译,另一种是RPM包(RedHat Linux Packet Manager),通过RPM命令就可以实现安装。还有一种为*.bin文件。</p> <p>现在我们就来说一下rpm包:rpm是RedHat Linux Packet Manager的缩写。RPM 是以一种数据库记录的方式来将您所需要的套件安装到您的Linux<br /> 主机的一套管理程序。也就是说,您的linux系统中存在着一个关于RPM的数据库,它记录了安装的包以及包与包之间依赖相关性。RPM包是预先在linux机器上编译好并打包好的文件,安装起来非常快捷。但是也有一些缺点,比如安装的环境必须与编译时的环境一致或者相当;包与包之间存在着相互依赖的情况;简而言之就是用rpm安装文件往往存在依赖关系。几个例子要安装a软件依赖b包(系统没有),b包又依赖c包(系统没有)。。。。依赖解决起来非常麻烦,这也在很长时间内成了一个世界难题。、</p> <p>这时yum工具出现了。</p> <ol class="custom_cn list-paddingleft-1"> <li class="list-cn-1-1 list-cn-paddingleft-1"> <p>what is 这是什么?</p> <p>1、首先在shell中键入如下命令</p> <p>[root@desperadochn ~]# man yum</p> </li> </ol> <p> 从返回结果可知:<br /> NAME<br /> yum – Yellowdog Updater Modified </p> <p> yum是Yellowdog Updater Modified的缩写,其意是黄狗升级工具的意思。</p> <p>二、why 为什么使用它?</p> <p> DESCRIPTION<br /> yum is an interactive, rpm based, package manager. It can automatically<br /> perform system updates, including dependency analysis and obsolete pro‐<br /> cessing based on "repository" metadata. It can also perform installa‐<br /> tion of new packages, removal of old packages and perform queries on<br /> the installed and/or available packages among many other commands/ser‐<br /> vices (see below). yum is similar to other high level package managers<br /> like apt-get and smart.</p> <p>从yum命令的man手册中可知:yum是一个交互式的,基于rpm的包管理器。它可以自动的执行系统升级,包括依赖分析和基于软件仓库的元数据分析。它同样可以用来执行新包的安装,移除旧包,查询已经安装的包/许多其他命令之间可用的包/服务(见下文)。yum就好像其他相似的高级包管理工具一样,如apt-get和smart</p> <p>总而言之yum是一个高级的包管理工具,他可以安装、更新、删除、显示软件包和软件包组。yum可以自动进行系统更新,基于软件仓库的元数据分析,解决软件包依赖关系。</p> <p>三、when 何时使用?</p> <p>1、当你需要安装某些软件却无法解决依赖关系时</p> <p>2、当你的shell当中缺少默写命令时</p> <p>3、当你想删除某个包时又被依赖关系搞得头大时</p> <p>4、当你想更新某个包时。</p> <p>5、当你缺少某个工具时却又不知道安装那个包时</p> <p>。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。等等,请试试yum工具</p> <p>四、where 在哪里使用(环境)</p> <p> 1、redhat系列的linux发行版</p> <p>2、系统已联网</p> <p>3、配置可用的yum源</p> <p>五、who 谁会用</p> <p>1、系统管理员</p> <p>2、想要安装软件却不想因为软件依赖浪费时间的人、缺少命令或工具又不知从何下手的人。</p> <p>3、yum软件节省了许多在软件安装上的大量不必要时间,是运维人员必须熟练掌握的技能。</p> <p>六、how 如何实现,如何使用</p> <p> </p> <ol class=" list-paddingleft-2"> <li> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体"> </span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">检查yum工具是否安装</span></p> </li> </ol> <p><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体"> [root@desperadochn ~]# rpm -qa |grep yum<br /> yum-plugin-fastestmirror-1.1.31-34.el7.noarch<br /> yum-metadata-parser-1.1.4-10.el7.x86_64<br /> yum-3.4.3-132.el7.centos.0.1.noarch</span></p> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;margin-left:48px;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">若出现类似输出表示yum已经安装成功,若没有任何提示,表示系统还没安装yum工具,yum安装包可以在centos系统光盘中找到,执行如下指令进行安装:</span></p> <p style="text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体"> [root@desperadochn ~]# rpm -ivh yum-*.noarch.rpm</span></p> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体"> </span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family: 宋体">安装yum需要python-elementtree,python-sqlite,urlgrabber,yumconf等软件包的支持,这些软件包均在centos光盘中可以找到,若出现依赖性问题逐次安装即可。</span></p> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体"> </span></p> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left;text-indent:8px"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">II</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">、yum配置文件详解</span></p> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left;text-indent:8px"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体"> </span></p> <ol class=" list-paddingleft-2" start="1" type="1"> <li> <p><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体"> yum </span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">的配置文件有主文件/etc/yum.conf和源配置文件/etc/yum.repos.d</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">Yum</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">的配置一般有两种方式,一种是直接配置/etc/yum.conf文件,另外一种是在/etc/yum.repos.d目录下增加repo文件的方式配置yum源</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">/etc/yum.conf</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">文件详解</span></p> <p><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体"></span></p> </li> </ol> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left;text-indent:8px"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体"></span> </p> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;margin-left:48px;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">以下是etc/yum.conf文件的部分默认内容:</span></p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false">[main] cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever #yum下载RPM包时的缓存目录 keepcache=0 #缓存是否需要保存 1表示保存 0表示不保存 debuglevel=2 #调试级别 默认为2 logfile=/var/log/yum.log #定义yum默认日志文件名称 exactarch=1 #是否只升级与和安装软件包的cpu体系一致的包 obsoletes=1 #是否允许更新陈旧的RPM包 1为允许,2为不允许 gpgcheck=1 #是否执行GPG签名检查,1表示执行,0表示不执行(注1) plugins=1 #是否允许使用插件 1允许 0不允许 installonly_limit=5 #允许保留多少个内核包</pre> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体"></span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体"></span></p> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left;text-indent:24px"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">4</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family:宋体">、/etc/yum.repos.d/ CentOS-Sources.repo文件详解</span></p> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;margin-left:8px;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体"> repo</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">文件是linux系统中yum源(软件仓库)的配置文件。一般repo文件定义了一个或者多个软件仓库的细节内容,如从哪里下载需要安装或者升级的RPM包,该文件中的设置内容将被yum读取和应用。</span></p> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">用以下命令查看/etc/yum.repos.d/目录是,有如下发现:</span></p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false"> [root@desperadochn ~]# ls /etc/yum.repos.d/ CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo</pre> <p><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体"> </span></p> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">以下是/etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Sources.repo 文件中的部分默认内容:</span></p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false">[base-source] #方括号里面的是软件源的名称,会被yum识别 name=CentOS-$releasever - Base Sources #这里定义了软件仓库的名称,通常是为了方便阅读配置文件,$ releasever变量定义了发行版本。 baseurl=http://vault.centos.org/centos/$releasever/os/Source/ #指定RPM软件包来源,支持的协议有http:// ftp:// file://(本地源) gpgcheck=1 #是否执行GPG签名检查,1表示执行,0表示不执行 enabled=0 #表示软件仓库定义的源是否启用 0表示禁用 1表示启用 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 #定义用于校验的GPG秘钥</pre> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体"></span></p> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">iii</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">、yum命令使用方法:</span></p> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体"> </span></p> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">1</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">、命令格式 <br /> yum [选项] [命令]</span></p> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">命令中各选项表示的含义如表显示:</span></p> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体"></span></p> <table width="626" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr class="firstRow" style="height:37px"> <td style="border: 1px solid windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="170" height="37"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:center"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family:宋体">选项</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: 1px 1px 1px medium;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="456" height="37"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:center"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family:宋体">选项含义</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:37px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="170" height="37"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">-y</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="456" height="37"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">所有交互式提问都选yes</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:39px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="170" height="39"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">-q</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="456" height="39"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">安静模式操作</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:39px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="170" height="39"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">–version</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="456" height="39"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">显示yum版本</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:39px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="170" height="39"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">-v</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="456" height="39"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">显示详细信息</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:39px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="170" height="39"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">-x<</span><span style="font-family:宋体">软件包></span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="456" height="39"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">排除软件包</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:39px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="170" height="39"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">–noplugins</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="456" height="39"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">禁用yum插件</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:39px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="170" height="39"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">–nogpgcheck</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="456" height="39"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">禁用GPG签名检查</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:39px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="170" height="39"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">–installroot=<</span><span style="font-family:宋体">路径></span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="456" height="39"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">设置安装根目录路径</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:39px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="170" height="39"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">-c</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="456" height="39"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">指定配置文件的位置,可以是http、ftp的url 也可以是本地的文件路径</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:39px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="170" height="39"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">-C</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="456" height="39"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">从当地的缓冲区中运行。如非必要不会更新或下载头文件</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:39px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="170" height="39"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">-d [num]</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="456" height="39"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">指定调试级别为设定的数字num,这些通常在0-10之间,用来指定输出多少调试信息,配置参数是debuglevel</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:39px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="170" height="39"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">–disableplugin=plugin</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="456" height="39"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">禁用指定插件</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:39px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="170" height="39"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">–disablerepo=repoid </span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="456" height="39"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">禁止一个通过id或者glob指定的软件库。配置选项为enabled</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:39px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="170" height="39"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">-e[num]</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="456" height="39"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">错误级别设置为数字num,这里的num通常是0-10之间的数字,0时只输出临界错误。1时输出使用错误</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:37px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="170" height="37"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">–enablerepo=repoid</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="456" height="37"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">启用一个通过id或者glob指定的软件库。配置选项为enabled</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:39px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="170" height="39"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">-h [command],–help [command]</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="456" height="39"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">显示该命令的帮助信息并退出。</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:37px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="170" height="37"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">-R [minutes]</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="456" height="37"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">设置命令等待的最长时间</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:39px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="170" height="39"></td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="456" height="39"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:37px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="170" height="37"></td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="456" height="37"></td> </tr> <tr style="height:37px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="170" height="37"></td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="456" height="37"></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体"></span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体"></span></p> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">yum</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">命令的命令部分描述如下表:</span></p> <table width="636" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr class="firstRow" style="height:22px"> <td style="border: 1px solid windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">install <</span><span style="font-family:宋体">软件包名></span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: 1px 1px 1px medium;border-style: solid solid solid none;border-color: windowtext windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">安装指定的软件包 *</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">groupinstall <</span><span style="font-family:宋体">软件包组名></span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">安装指定的软件包组 *</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">reinstall <</span><span style="font-family:宋体">软件包名></span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">重新安装软件包 *</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">localinstall <</span><span style="font-family:宋体">软件包名></span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">安装本地软件包 *</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">search <</span><span style="font-family:宋体">软件包名></span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">搜索软件包 *</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">list</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">列出目前yum所管理的所有的软件包名称与版本 *</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">list <</span><span style="font-family:宋体">软件包名></span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">在清单中搜索软件包 *</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">list installed</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">列出系统中已安装的软件包 *</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">list installed <</span><span style="font-family:宋体">正则表达式></span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">用正则表达式列出系统中已安装的软件包</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">list extras</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">列出所有已安装但不在yum仓库中的软件包</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">list extras <</span><span style="font-family:宋体">正则表达式></span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">用正则表达式匹配已安装但不在yum仓库中的软件包</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">list updates</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">列出所有可更新的软件包</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">list updates<</span><span style="font-family:宋体">正则表达式></span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">用正则表达式匹配可更新的软件包</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">list available</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">列出软件仓库中可以用于安装的软件包</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">list available<</span><span style="font-family:宋体">正则表达式></span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">用正则表达式匹配仓库中可以用于安装的软件包</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">list recent</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">列出最近被添加到软件仓库中的软件包</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:23px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="23"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">grouplist</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="23"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">列出目前所有已安装和可以使用未安装的软件包组</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">info</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">列出目前yum所管理的所有软件的名称、版本和详细信息</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:23px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="23"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">info <</span><span style="font-family:宋体">软件包名></span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="23"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">列出目前指定的软件的名称、版本和详细信息</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">Info installed</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">列出所有已安装的软件包与详细信息</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:23px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="23"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">Info extras</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="23"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">列出所有已安装但不在yum软件仓库内的软件包</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">Info updates</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">列出所有可更新的软件包信息。</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">groupinfo <</span><span style="font-family:宋体">软件包组名></span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">列出该软件包组详细信息</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">provides </span><span style="font-family:宋体">或 whatprovides <软件包名>或<命令></span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">列出软件包提供那些文件或那些命令有何种软件包提供 *</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">deplist <</span><span style="font-family:宋体">软件包名></span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">查看指定软件包的依赖情况</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">update</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">全部更新</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">update <</span><span style="font-family:宋体">软件包名></span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">更新指定的软件包 *</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">check-update</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">检查可更新的软件包 *</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">upgrade <</span><span style="font-family:宋体">软件包名></span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">升级指定的软件包 *</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">groupupdate <</span><span style="font-family:宋体">软件包组名></span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">升级指定的软件包组 *</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">updateinfo</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">显示软件仓库更新信息</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">localupdate <</span><span style="font-family:宋体">软件包名></span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">本地更新软件包</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">remove <</span><span style="font-family:宋体">软件包名></span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">删除指定软件包</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">erase <</span><span style="font-family:宋体">软件包名></span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">从系统中删除一个或多个软件包</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">groupremove <</span><span style="font-family:宋体">软件包组名></span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">删除软件包组</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">clean packages</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">清除缓存目录下的软件包</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">clean headers</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">清除缓存目录下的软件包</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">clean</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">清除缓存数据</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">clean all</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">清除缓存目录下的软件包及旧的头文件</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">version</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">显示机器或可用仓库的版本</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:18px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="18"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">help</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="18"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">显示yum命令帮助信息</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">shell</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">运行交互式的yum shell *</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">history</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">显示yum使用历史 *</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">Load-transaction</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">从文件名加载保存的设置</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">makecache</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">生成源数据缓存</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">repolist</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">显示配置的软件仓库</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">resolvedep</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">确定那个软件包提供了给定的依赖</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="height:22px"> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="236" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">distribution-synchronization</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="400" height="22"> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-family:宋体">同步安装软件包到最新版本</span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体"> </span></p> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">iv</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">、实例</span></p> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体"> 0、至关重要的的实例-当你缺少某些命令时不知道是何种rpm提供的?其解决方法如下</span></p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false">[root@desperadochn ~]# yum whatprovides wc 已加载插件:fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.pubyun.com * extras: mirrors.skyshe.cn * updates: mirrors.pubyun.com extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 258 kB 00:00:04 coreutils-8.22-15.el7.x86_64 : A set of basic GNU tools commonly used in shell scripts 源 :base 匹配来源: 文件名 :/usr/bin/wc coreutils-8.22-15.el7_2.1.x86_64 : A set of basic GNU tools commonly used in shell scripts 源 :updates 匹配来源: 文件名 :/usr/bin/wc coreutils-8.22-15.el7.x86_64 : A set of basic GNU tools commonly used in shell scripts 源 :@anaconda 匹配来源: 文件名 :/usr/bin/wc</pre> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体"></span>顺藤摸瓜:</p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false">[root@desperadochn ~]# yum install coreutils-8.22-15.el7_2.1.x86_64 已加载插件:fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.pubyun.com * extras: mirrors.skyshe.cn * updates: mirrors.pubyun.com 正在解决依赖关系 --> 正在检查事务 ---> 软件包 coreutils.x86_64.0.8.22-15.el7 将被 升级 ---> 软件包 coreutils.x86_64.0.8.22-15.el7_2.1 将被 更新 --> 解决依赖关系完成 依赖关系解决 ========================================================================================================================================================================== Package 架构 源 大小 ========================================================================================================================================================================== 正在更新: coreutils x86_64 事务概要 =========================================================================================================================================================================== 升级 1 软件包 总下载量:3.2 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed. coreutils-8.22-15.el7_2.1.x86_64.rpm | 3.2 MB 00:00:23 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction 正在更新 : coreutils-8.22-15.el7_2.1.x86_64 1/2 清理 : coreutils-8.22-15.el7.x86_64 2/2 验证中 : coreutils-8.22-15.el7_2.1.x86_64 1/2 验证中 : coreutils-8.22-15.el7.x86_64 2/2 更新完毕: coreutils.x86_64 0:8.22-15.el7_2.1 完毕!</pre> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left">测试:</p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false"> cat /etc/passwd |wc -l 22</pre> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体"> </span></p> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">1、列出所有可用的包(考虑到到篇幅问题只列出头50个)</span></p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false">[root@desperadochn ~]# yum list |head -n 50 已加载插件:fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.pubyun.com * extras: mirrors.skyshe.cn * updates: mirrors.pubyun.com 已安装的软件包 NetworkManager.x86_64 1:1.0.6-27.el7 @anaconda NetworkManager-libnm.x86_64 1:1.0.6-27.el7 @anaconda NetworkManager-team.x86_64 1:1.0.6-27.el7 @anaconda NetworkManager-tui.x86_64 1:1.0.6-27.el7 @anaconda acl.x86_64 2.2.51-12.el7 @anaconda aic94xx-firmware.noarch 30-6.el7 @anaconda alsa-firmware.noarch 1.0.28-2.el7 @anaconda alsa-lib.x86_64 1.0.28-2.el7 @anaconda alsa-tools-firmware.x86_64 1.0.28-2.el7 @anaconda audit.x86_64 2.4.1-5.el7 @anaconda audit-libs.x86_64 2.4.1-5.el7 @anaconda authconfig.x86_64 6.2.8-10.el7 @anaconda avahi-autoipd.x86_64 0.6.31-15.el7 @anaconda avahi-libs.x86_64 0.6.31-15.el7 @anaconda basesystem.noarch 10.0-7.el7.centos @anaconda bash.x86_64 4.2.46-19.el7 @anaconda bind-libs-lite.x86_64 32:9.9.4-29.el7 @anaconda bind-license.noarch 32:9.9.4-29.el7 @anaconda binutils.x86_64 2.23.52.0.1-55.el7 @anaconda biosdevname.x86_64 0.6.2-1.el7 @anaconda btrfs-progs.x86_64 3.19.1-1.el7 @anaconda bzip2-libs.x86_64 1.0.6-13.el7 @anaconda ca-certificates.noarch 2015.2.4-71.el7 @anaconda centos-logos.noarch 70.0.6-3.el7.centos @anaconda centos-release.x86_64 7-2.1511.el7.centos.2.10 @anaconda chkconfig.x86_64 1.3.61-5.el7 @anaconda coreutils.x86_64 8.22-15.el7 @anaconda cpio.x86_64 2.11-24.el7 @anaconda cracklib.x86_64 2.9.0-11.el7 @anaconda cracklib-dicts.x86_64 2.9.0-11.el7 @anaconda cronie.x86_64 1.4.11-14.el7 @anaconda cronie-anacron.x86_64 1.4.11-14.el7 @anaconda crontabs.noarch 1.11-6.20121102git.el7 @anaconda cryptsetup-libs.x86_64 1.6.7-1.el7 @anaconda curl.x86_64 7.29.0-25.el7.centos @anaconda cyrus-sasl-lib.x86_64 2.1.26-19.2.el7 @anaconda dbus.x86_64 1:1.6.12-13.el7 @anaconda dbus-glib.x86_64 0.100-7.el7 @anaconda dbus-libs.x86_64 1:1.6.12-13.el7 @anaconda dbus-python.x86_64 1.1.1-9.el7 @anaconda device-mapper.x86_64 7:1.02.107-5.el7 @anaconda device-mapper-event.x86_64 7:1.02.107-5.el7 @anaconda device-mapper-event-libs.x86_64 7:1.02.107-5.el7 @anaconda device-mapper-libs.x86_64 7:1.02.107-5.el7 @anaconda 由于管道被破坏而退出</pre> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体"></span>限于篇幅只能列出头50个 list命令先从从上例中可以看到有 “base: mirrors.pubyun.com” 信息出现,这是在告诉用户,它是从base: mirrors.pubyun.com这里下载到的rpm包资源。从上面的例子中您还可以看到最左侧是rpm包名字,中间是版本信息,最右侧是安装信息,如果安装了就显示类似 “@anaconda-CentOS”, “@base”<br /> 或者 “@extras”, 他们前面都会有一个 “@” 符号,这很好区分。未安装则显示base或者extras,<br /> 如果是该rpm包已安装但需要升级则显示updates. 如果您看的仔细会发现,”yum list” 会先列出已经安装的包(Installed Packages)<br /> 然后再列出可以安装的包(Available Packages)。你要知道这时一个巨大的工程 你会遇到海量的信息让你眼花缭乱。但是我们可以借助管道符改变这一点。</p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false">[root@desperadochn ~]# yum list |head -n 100 |grep "dbus" #在结果中匹配结果带“dbus”字符的包 dbus.x86_64 1:1.6.12-13.el7 @anaconda dbus-glib.x86_64 0.100-7.el7 @anaconda dbus-libs.x86_64 1:1.6.12-13.el7 @anaconda dbus-python.x86_64 1.1.1-9.el7 @anaconda</pre> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left">2、搜索一个rpm包</p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false;">[root@desperadochn ~]# yum search vim 已加载插件:fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.pubyun.com * extras: mirrors.skyshe.cn * updates: mirrors.pubyun.com ============================================================================================================= N/S matched: vim ======================================= protobuf-vim.x86_64 : Vim syntax highlighting for Google Protocol Buffers descriptions vim-X11.x86_64 : The VIM version of the vi editor for the X Window System vim-common.x86_64 : The common files needed by any version of the VIM editor vim-enhanced.x86_64 : A version of the VIM editor which includes recent enhancements vim-filesystem.x86_64 : VIM filesystem layout vim-minimal.x86_64 : A minimal version of the VIM editor 同样支持grep过滤 [root@desperadochn ~]# yum list |grep 'vim' vim-minimal.x86_64 2:7.4.160-1.el7 @anaconda golang-vim.noarch 1.3.3-2.el7_0 extras protobuf-vim.x86_64 2.5.0-8.el7 base vim-X11.x86_64 2:7.4.160-1.el7 base vim-common.x86_64 2:7.4.160-1.el7 base vim-enhanced.x86_64 2:7.4.160-1.el7 base vim-filesystem.x86_64 2:7.4.160-1.el7 base</pre> <p>3、安装一个包名</p> <p><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">[root@desperadochn ~]# yum install nano<br />已加载插件:fastestmirror<br />Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile<br /> * base: mirrors.pubyun.com<br /> * extras: mirrors.skyshe.cn<br /> * updates: mirrors.pubyun.com<br />正在解决依赖关系<br />–> 正在检查事务<br />—> 软件包 nano.x86_64.0.2.3.1-10.el7 将被 安装<br />–> 解决依赖关系完成</p> <p>依赖关系解决</p> <p>=============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================<br /> Package 架构 版本 源 大小<br />=============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================<br />正在安装:<br /> nano x86_64 2.3.1-10.el7 base 440 k</p> <p>事务概要<br />=============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================<br />安装 1 软件包</p> <p>总下载量:440 k<br />安装大小:1.6 M<br />Is this ok [y/d/N]: y<br />Downloading packages:<br />nano-2.3.1-10.el7.x86_64.rpm | 440 kB 00:00:04<br />Running transaction check<br />Running transaction test<br />Transaction test succeeded<br />Running transaction<br /> 正在安装 : nano-2.3.1-10.el7.x86_64 1/1<br /> 验证中 : nano-2.3.1-10.el7.x86_64 1/1</p> <p>已安装:<br /> nano.x86_64 0:2.3.1-10.el7</p> <p>完毕!</p> <p></span><br /><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体"></span></p> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left">3、卸载一个包</p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false">[root@desperadochn ~]# yum remove -y nano 已加载插件:fastestmirror 正在解决依赖关系 --> 正在检查事务 ---> 软件包 nano.x86_64.0.2.3.1-10.el7 将被 删除 --> 解决依赖关系完成 依赖关系解决 ========================================================================================================================================================================== Package 架构 源 大小 =========================================================================================================================================================================== 正在删除: nano x86_64 @base 1.6 M 事务概要 ============================================================================================================================================================================ 安装大小:1.6 M Downloading packages: Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction 正在删除 : nano-2.3.1-10.el7.x86_64 1/1 验证中 : nano-2.3.1-10.el7.x86_64 1/1 删除: nano.x86_64 0:2.3.1-10.el7 完毕!</pre> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">4、升级一个包</span></p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false">[root@desperadochn ~]# yum update python-perf 已加载插件:fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.pubyun.com * extras: mirrors.skyshe.cn * updates: mirrors.pubyun.com 正在解决依赖关系 --> 正在检查事务 ---> 软件包 python-perf.x86_64.0.3.10.0-327.el7 将被 升级 ---> 软件包 python-perf.x86_64.0.3.10.0-327.10.1.el7 将被 更新 --> 解决依赖关系完成 依赖关系解决 ========================================================================================================================================================================== Package 架构 源 大小 ========================================================================================================================================================================== 正在更新: python-perf x86_64 2.4 M 事务概要 ========================================================================================================================================================================== 升级 1 软件包 总下载量:2.4 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: y Downloading packages: Delta RPMs disabled because /usr/bin/applydeltarpm not installed. python-perf-3.10.0-327.10.1.el7.x86_64.rpm | 2.4 MB 00:00:23 Running transaction check Running transaction test Transaction test succeeded Running transaction 正在更新 : python-perf-3.10.0-327.10.1.el7.x86_64 1/2 清理 : python-perf-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 2/2 验证中 : python-perf-3.10.0-327.10.1.el7.x86_64 1/2 验证中 : python-perf-3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64 2/2 更新完毕: python-perf.x86_64 0:3.10.0-327.10.1.el7 完毕!</pre> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体"></span>5、检查可更新的包</p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false">[root@desperadochn ~]# yum check-update 已加载插件:fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.pubyun.com * extras: mirrors.skyshe.cn * updates: mirrors.pubyun.com avahi-autoipd.x86_64 updates avahi-libs.x86_64 updates bind-libs-lite.x86_64 updates bind-license.noarch updates ca-certificates.noarch updates coreutils.x86_64 updates cyrus-sasl-lib.x86_64 updates device-mapper.x86_64 updates device-mapper-event.x86_64 updates device-mapper-event-libs.x86_64 updates device-mapper-libs.x86_64 updates dracut.x86_64 updates dracut-config-rescue.x86_64 updates dracut-network.x86_64 updates glibc.x86_64 updates glibc-common.x86_64 updates gmp.x86_64 updates gnutls.x86_64 updates grub2.x86_64 updates grub2-tools.x86_64 updates kernel.x86_64 updates kernel-tools.x86_64 updates kernel-tools-libs.x86_64 updates kexec-tools.x86_64 updates libgudev1.x86_64 updates libxml2.x86_64 updates logrotate.x86_64 updates lvm2.x86_64 updates lvm2-libs.x86_64 updates nss.x86_64 updates nss-sysinit.x86_64 updates nss-tools.x86_64 updates numactl-libs.x86_64 updates openssh.x86_64 updates openssh-clients.x86_64 updates openssh-server.x86_64 updates openssl.x86_64 updates openssl-libs.x86_64 updates polkit.x86_64 updates procps-ng.x86_64 updates python-pyudev.noarch updates rdma.noarch updates selinux-policy.noarch updates selinux-policy-targeted.noarch updates systemd.x86_64 updates systemd-libs.x86_64 updates systemd-sysv.x86_64 updates tuned.noarch tzdata.noarch updates</pre> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">6、要大规模的升级版本</span></p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false">[root@desperadochn ~]# yum upgrade |head -n 50 已加载插件:fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.pubyun.com * extras: mirrors.skyshe.cn * updates: mirrors.pubyun.com 正在解决依赖关系 --> 正在检查事务 ---> 软件包 avahi-autoipd.x86_64.0.0.6.31-15.el7 将被 升级 ---> 软件包 avahi-autoipd.x86_64.0.0.6.31-15.el7_2.1 将被 更新 ---> 软件包 avahi-libs.x86_64.0.0.6.31-15.el7 将被 升级 ---> 软件包 avahi-libs.x86_64.0.0.6.31-15.el7_2.1 将被 更新 ---> 软件包 bind-libs-lite.x86_64.32.9.9.4-29.el7 将被 升级 ---> 软件包 bind-libs-lite.x86_64.32.9.9.4-29.el7_2.2 将被 更新 ---> 软件包 bind-license.noarch.32.9.9.4-29.el7 将被 升级 ---> 软件包 bind-license.noarch.32.9.9.4-29.el7_2.2 将被 更新 ---> 软件包 ca-certificates.noarch.0.2015.2.4-71.el7 将被 升级 ---> 软件包 ca-certificates.noarch.0.2015.2.6-70.1.el7_2 将被 更新 ---> 软件包 coreutils.x86_64.0.8.22-15.el7 将被 升级 ---> 软件包 coreutils.x86_64.0.8.22-15.el7_2.1 将被 更新 ---> 软件包 cyrus-sasl-lib.x86_64.0.2.1.26-19.2.el7 将被 升级 ---> 软件包 cyrus-sasl-lib.x86_64.0.2.1.26-20.el7_2 将被 更新 ---> 软件包 device-mapper.x86_64.7.1.02.107-5.el7 将被 升级 ---> 软件包 device-mapper.x86_64.7.1.02.107-5.el7_2.1 将被 更新 ---> 软件包 device-mapper-event.x86_64.7.1.02.107-5.el7 将被 升级 ---> 软件包 device-mapper-event.x86_64.7.1.02.107-5.el7_2.1 将被 更新 ---> 软件包 device-mapper-event-libs.x86_64.7.1.02.107-5.el7 将被 升级 ---> 软件包 device-mapper-event-libs.x86_64.7.1.02.107-5.el7_2.1 将被 更新 ---> 软件包 device-mapper-libs.x86_64.7.1.02.107-5.el7 将被 升级 ---> 软件包 device-mapper-libs.x86_64.7.1.02.107-5.el7_2.1 将被 更新 ---> 软件包 dracut.x86_64.0.033-359.el7 将被 升级 ---> 软件包 dracut.x86_64.0.033-360.el7_2 将被 更新 ---> 软件包 dracut-config-rescue.x86_64.0.033-359.el7 将被 升级 ---> 软件包 dracut-config-rescue.x86_64.0.033-360.el7_2 将被 更新 ---> 软件包 dracut-network.x86_64.0.033-359.el7 将被 升级 ---> 软件包 dracut-network.x86_64.0.033-360.el7_2 将被 更新 ---> 软件包 glibc.x86_64.0.2.17-105.el7 将被 升级 ---> 软件包 glibc.x86_64.0.2.17-106.el7_2.4 将被 更新 ---> 软件包 glibc-common.x86_64.0.2.17-105.el7 将被 升级 ---> 软件包 glibc-common.x86_64.0.2.17-106.el7_2.4 将被 更新 ---> 软件包 gmp.x86_64.1.6.0.0-11.el7 将被 升级 ---> 软件包 gmp.x86_64.1.6.0.0-12.el7_1 将被 更新 ---> 软件包 gnutls.x86_64.0.3.3.8-12.el7_1.1 将被 升级 ---> 软件包 gnutls.x86_64.0.3.3.8-14.el7_2 将被 更新 ---> 软件包 grub2.x86_64.1.2.02-0.29.el7.centos 将被 升级 ---> 软件包 grub2.x86_64.1.2.02-0.34.el7.centos 将被 更新 ---> 软件包 grub2-tools.x86_64.1.2.02-0.29.el7.centos 将被 升级 ---> 软件包 grub2-tools.x86_64.1.2.02-0.34.el7.centos 将被 更新 ---> 软件包 kernel.x86_64.0.3.10.0-327.10.1.el7 将被 安装 ---> 软件包 kernel-tools.x86_64.0.3.10.0-327.el7 将被 升级 ---> 软件包 kernel-tools.x86_64.0.3.10.0-327.10.1.el7 将被 更新</pre> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体"> </span>限于篇幅只列出前50个内容,此条命令是大规模的升级版本,与yum update不同的是,陈旧的包也会升级</p> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left">7、列出资源库中所有可以安装或更新的rpm包的信息:</p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false">[root@desperadochn ~]# yum info |head -n 50 已加载插件:fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.pubyun.com * extras: mirrors.skyshe.cn * updates: mirrors.pubyun.com 已安装的软件包 名称 :NetworkManager 架构 :x86_64 时期 :1 版本 :1.0.6 发布 :27.el7 大小 :9.1 M 源 :installed 来自源:anaconda 简介 : Network connection manager and user applications 网址 :http://www.gnome.org/projects/NetworkManager/ 协议 : GPLv2+ 描述 : NetworkManager is a system service that manages network interfaces : and connections based on user or automatic configuration. It supports : Ethernet, Bridge, Bond, VLAN, Team, InfiniBand, Wi-Fi, mobile : broadband (WWAN), PPPoE and other devices, and supports a variety of : different VPN services. 名称 :NetworkManager-libnm 架构 :x86_64 时期 :1 版本 :1.0.6 发布 :27.el7 大小 :1.5 M 源 :installed 来自源:anaconda 简介 : Libraries for adding NetworkManager support to applications (new : API). 网址 :http://www.gnome.org/projects/NetworkManager/ 协议 : GPLv2+ 描述 : This package contains the libraries that make it easier to use some : NetworkManager functionality from applications. This is the new : NetworkManager API. See also NetworkManager-glib. 名称 :NetworkManager-team 架构 :x86_64 时期 :1 版本 :1.0.6 发布 :27.el7 大小 :32 k 源 :installed 来自源:anaconda 简介 : Team device plugin for NetworkManager 网址 :http://www.gnome.org/projects/NetworkManager/ 协议 : GPLv2+ 由于管道被破坏而退出</pre> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"></p> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">这是一个巨大的工程,我的屏幕闪的不停,它会产生海量信息因此限于篇幅只能列出前50行输出内容</span></p> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">8、列出资源库特定的可以安装或更新以及已经安装的rpm包信息</span></p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false">[root@desperadochn ~]# yum info tree 已加载插件:fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.pubyun.com * extras: mirrors.skyshe.cn * updates: mirrors.pubyun.com 已安装的软件包 名称 :tree 架构 :x86_64 版本 :1.6.0 发布 :10.el7 大小 :87 k 源 :installed 来自源:base 简介 : File system tree viewer 网址 :http://mama.indstate.edu/users/ice/tree/ 协议 : GPLv2+ 描述 : The tree utility recursively displays the contents of directories in a : tree-like format. Tree is basically a UNIX port of the DOS tree : utility.</pre> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体"></span>9、列出资源库中所有可以更新的rpm包信息</p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false">[root@desperadochn ~]# yum info updates |head -n 50 已加载插件:fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.pubyun.com * extras: mirrors.skyshe.cn * updates: mirrors.pubyun.com 更新的软件包 名称 :avahi-autoipd 架构 :x86_64 版本 :0.6.31 发布 :15.el7_2.1 大小 :39 k 源 :updates/7/x86_64 简介 : Link-local IPv4 address automatic configuration daemon (IPv4LL) 网址 :http://avahi.org 协议 : LGPLv2+ 描述 : avahi-autoipd implements IPv4LL, "Dynamic Configuration of IPv4 : Link-Local Addresses" (IETF RFC3927), a protocol for automatic IP : address configuration from the link-local 169.254.0.0/16 range : without the need for a central server. It is primarily intended to be : used in ad-hoc networks which lack a DHCP server. 名称 :avahi-libs 架构 :x86_64 版本 :0.6.31 发布 :15.el7_2.1 大小 :61 k 源 :updates/7/x86_64 简介 : Libraries for avahi run-time use 网址 :http://avahi.org 协议 : LGPLv2+ 描述 : The avahi-libs package contains the libraries needed : to run programs that use avahi. 名称 :bind-libs-lite 架构 :x86_64 时期 :32 版本 :9.9.4 发布 :29.el7_2.2 大小 :724 k 源 :updates/7/x86_64 简介 : Libraries for working with the DNS protocol 网址 :http://www.isc.org/products/BIND/ 协议 : ISC 描述 : Contains lite version of BIND suite libraries which are used by : various programs to work with DNS protocol. 名称 :bind-license 架构 :noarch 时期 :32 版本 :9.9.4 由于管道被破坏而退出</pre> <p><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体"> <span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">这是一个巨大的工程,我的屏幕闪的不停,它会产生海量信息因此限于篇幅只能列出前50行输出内容</span></span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体"></span></p> <p>10、列出所有已安装的rpm包信息</p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false">[root@desperadochn ~]# yum info installed |head -n 50 已加载插件:fastestmirror 已安装的软件包 名称 :NetworkManager 架构 :x86_64 时期 :1 版本 :1.0.6 发布 :27.el7 大小 :9.1 M 源 :installed 来自源:anaconda 简介 : Network connection manager and user applications 网址 :http://www.gnome.org/projects/NetworkManager/ 协议 : GPLv2+ 描述 : NetworkManager is a system service that manages network interfaces : and connections based on user or automatic configuration. It supports : Ethernet, Bridge, Bond, VLAN, Team, InfiniBand, Wi-Fi, mobile : broadband (WWAN), PPPoE and other devices, and supports a variety of : different VPN services. 名称 :NetworkManager-libnm 架构 :x86_64 时期 :1 版本 :1.0.6 发布 :27.el7 大小 :1.5 M 源 :installed 来自源:anaconda 简介 : Libraries for adding NetworkManager support to applications (new : API). 网址 :http://www.gnome.org/projects/NetworkManager/ 协议 : GPLv2+ 描述 : This package contains the libraries that make it easier to use some : NetworkManager functionality from applications. This is the new : NetworkManager API. See also NetworkManager-glib. 名称 :NetworkManager-team 架构 :x86_64 时期 :1 版本 :1.0.6 发布 :27.el7 大小 :32 k 源 :installed 来自源:anaconda 简介 : Team device plugin for NetworkManager 网址 :http://www.gnome.org/projects/NetworkManager/ 协议 : GPLv2+ 描述 : This package contains NetworkManager support for team devices. 名称 :NetworkManager-tui 架构 :x86_64 由于管道被破坏而退出</pre> <p><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">这是一个巨大的工程,我的屏幕闪的不停,它会产生海量信息因此限于篇幅只能列出前50行输出内容</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">11、列出已经安装但是不包含在资源库中的包</span></span></p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false">[root@desperadochn ~]# yum info extras 已加载插件:fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.pubyun.com * extras: mirrors.skyshe.cn * updates: mirrors.pubyun.com</pre> <p><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体"></span></span>然而并没有。</p> <p>12、列出资源库中所有可以更新的rpm包</p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false">[root@desperadochn ~]# yum list updates |head -n 50 已加载插件:fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.pubyun.com * extras: mirrors.skyshe.cn * updates: mirrors.pubyun.com 更新的软件包 avahi-autoipd.x86_64 0.6.31-15.el7_2.1 updates avahi-libs.x86_64 0.6.31-15.el7_2.1 updates bind-libs-lite.x86_64 32:9.9.4-29.el7_2.2 updates bind-license.noarch 32:9.9.4-29.el7_2.2 updates ca-certificates.noarch 2015.2.6-70.1.el7_2 updates coreutils.x86_64 8.22-15.el7_2.1 updates cyrus-sasl-lib.x86_64 2.1.26-20.el7_2 updates device-mapper.x86_64 7:1.02.107-5.el7_2.1 updates device-mapper-event.x86_64 7:1.02.107-5.el7_2.1 updates device-mapper-event-libs.x86_64 7:1.02.107-5.el7_2.1 updates device-mapper-libs.x86_64 7:1.02.107-5.el7_2.1 updates dracut.x86_64 033-360.el7_2 updates dracut-config-rescue.x86_64 033-360.el7_2 updates dracut-network.x86_64 033-360.el7_2 updates glibc.x86_64 2.17-106.el7_2.4 updates glibc-common.x86_64 2.17-106.el7_2.4 updates gmp.x86_64 1:6.0.0-12.el7_1 updates gnutls.x86_64 3.3.8-14.el7_2 updates grub2.x86_64 1:2.02-0.34.el7.centos updates grub2-tools.x86_64 1:2.02-0.34.el7.centos updates kernel.x86_64 3.10.0-327.10.1.el7 updates kernel-tools.x86_64 3.10.0-327.10.1.el7 updates kernel-tools-libs.x86_64 3.10.0-327.10.1.el7 updates kexec-tools.x86_64 2.0.7-38.el7_2.1 updates libgudev1.x86_64 219-19.el7_2.4 updates libxml2.x86_64 2.9.1-6.el7_2.2 updates logrotate.x86_64 3.8.6-7.el7_2 updates lvm2.x86_64 7:2.02.130-5.el7_2.1 updates lvm2-libs.x86_64 7:2.02.130-5.el7_2.1 updates nss.x86_64 3.19.1-19.el7_2 updates nss-sysinit.x86_64 3.19.1-19.el7_2 updates nss-tools.x86_64 3.19.1-19.el7_2 updates numactl-libs.x86_64 2.0.9-6.el7_2 updates openssh.x86_64 6.6.1p1-23.el7_2 updates openssh-clients.x86_64 6.6.1p1-23.el7_2 updates openssh-server.x86_64 6.6.1p1-23.el7_2 updates openssl.x86_64 1:1.0.1e-51.el7_2.2 updates openssl-libs.x86_64 1:1.0.1e-51.el7_2.2 updates polkit.x86_64 0.112-6.el7_2 updates procps-ng.x86_64 3.3.10-5.el7_2 updates python-pyudev.noarch 0.15-7.el7_2.1 updates rdma.noarch 7.2_4.1_rc6-2.el7 updates selinux-policy.noarch 3.13.1-60.el7_2.3 updates selinux-policy-targeted.noarch 3.13.1-60.el7_2.3 updates</pre> <p>由于输出过多,只显示前50行。</p> <p>GPG:GPG :(全称 GnuPG )<br /> 是一款非对称加密(PGP)的免费软件,非对称加密方式简单讲就是指用公钥加密文件,用私钥解密文件。如果你想给谁发送加密信息,首先你要得到他的公钥,然后通过该公钥加密后传给他,对方利用自已的私钥就可解密并读取文件了。</p> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">v、参考文献</span></p> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">《循序渐进linux》第二版 高俊峰</span></p> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">《linux应用大全-基础与管理》 於岳</span></p> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">《linux技术手册》第六版 <span id="authorintro_all">Ellen Siever</span>,<span id="authorintro_all">Stephen Figgins</span>,<span id="authorintro_all">Robert Love</span>,<span id="authorintro_all">Arnold Robbins</span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:auto;margin-bottom: auto;text-align:left"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体"><br /></span></p> <p></p> <p><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体"><br /></span></span></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> <p></p> 最后修改:2021 年 12 月 10 日 10 : 53 AM © 允许规范转载 赞赏 如果觉得我的文章对你有用,请随意赞赏 赞赏作者 支付宝微信