Loading... <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">一、</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri">PXE</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">:预引导加载环境</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> 1.PXE</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> P</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">reboot </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">E</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">xecute</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">E</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">nvironment</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">:支持工作站通过网络从远端服务器下载映像,并由此支持通过网络启动操作系统,在启动过程中,终端要求服务器分配</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">IP</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">地址,再用</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">TFTP</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">(</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">trivial file transfer protocol</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">)或</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">MTFTP(multicasttrivial file transfer protocol)</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">协议下载一个启动软件包到本机内存中执行,由这个启动软件包完成</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">Client</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">端自动化基本软件设置,从而引导预先安装在服务器中的终端操作系统。</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">PXE</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">可以引导多种操作系统,如:</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">Windows95/98/2000/windows2003/windows2008/winXP/win7/win8,li</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">n</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">ux</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">等。</span></p> <p> </p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri"> 2.</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">基于</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri">PXE</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">自动安装系统所需组件</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri"> (1)DHCP</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">服务器</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> DHCP</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">动态主机配置协议会在预引导加载操作系统的时候动态自动分配一个</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">IP</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">地址,同时完成网络加载的主机的设定;需要在其地址池</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">subnet</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">配置中配置一下参数:</span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px"> <tr style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px" class="firstRow"> <td width="163" style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;margin: 0px;vertical-align: top"> <p style="clear: both;height: auto;overflow: hidden;font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px">filename "";</p> </td> <td width="503" style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;margin: 0px;vertical-align: top"> <p style="clear: both;height: auto;overflow: hidden;font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px">基于网卡引导时要加载的initial boot file的文件名;</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px"> <td width="106" style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;margin: 0px;vertical-align: top"> <p style="clear: both;height: auto;overflow: hidden;font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px">next-server HOST;</p> </td> <td width="493" style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;margin: 0px;vertical-align: top"> <p style="clear: both;height: auto;overflow: hidden;font-size: 14px"><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">要是一个</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">tftp-servr</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">,简单文件传输协议</span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri"> (2)tftp-server</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">服务</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">TFTP</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">:</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">trivialfile transfer protocol</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">,简单文件传输协议服务器。基于</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">UDP</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">文件传输,一般该服务器仅用于</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">PXE</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">预引导加载环境。用于提供预引导加载文件</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">pxelinux.0</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">的读取。相关程序包:</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">S</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">erver:tftp-server</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">;</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">C</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">lient: tftp</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">,监听端口</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">69/udp</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">服务启动运行方式:</span></p> <p>CentOS6:</p> <p># chkconfig tftp on</p> <p># service xinetd restart</p> <p>CentOS7:</p> <p># systemctl start tftp.socket</p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri"> (3)syslinux</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">包</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">提供适用于不同的操作系统的各种</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">bootloader</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">文件,支持</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">DOSFAT</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">filesystems</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">、</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">Linux ext2/ext3 filesystems(EXTLINUX)</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">、</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> PXEnetwork boots(PXELINUX)</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">、</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">ISO 9660 CD-ROMs (ISOLINUX)</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">;基于网卡引导的</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">bootloader</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">由其提供文件</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">Wie</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">/usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri"> (4) </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri">file server(yum repository)</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri">yum</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">仓库</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">基于网络引导加载文件的时候会根据脚本,引导到指定的路径加载</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">yum</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">仓库进行安装程序或者镜像文件,存储此</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">yum</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">仓库的位置称为</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">file server</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">。该</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">file server</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">可以通过</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">http</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">对外通过程序包或者镜像,实现引导之后的安装操作。</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> file server</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">可以</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">creatrepo</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">命令手动创建;可以直接复制或者挂载光盘的完整镜像作为通过程序包的文件存储源服务</span></p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">二、</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri">DHCP</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">服务器搭建</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri">1.DHCP</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">协议</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">:</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">动态主机配置协议</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">,</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">局域网的网络协议,使用UDP协议工作</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">。</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> (1)</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">用途</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">给内部网络或网络服务供应商自动分配IP地址</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">;</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">给用户或者内部网络管理员作为对所有计算机作中央管理的手段</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri"> (2)</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">实现机制</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> rarp</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">:反向地址解析,实现</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">MAC</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">解析到分配</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">IP</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">,</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> lease(</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">地址租约</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">)</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">机制:动态地址分配时候按照有效期分配</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">IP</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">地址,连续使用需要续租</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri"> (3)C/S</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">架构</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri"> Server</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">:需要配置一个静态地址,能够提供地址池</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">(</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">可用地址列表</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">)</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">;监听</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">67/UDP</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">端口</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri">Client</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">:</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">获取动态分配的地址,监听</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">68/UDP</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">端口</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> </span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri"> 2.DHCP</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">交互工作流程</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri"> (1) </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">常规获取过程</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> DHCP</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">获取的过程是通过广播方式进行。</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">Client</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">发出</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">dhcp_discover</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">发现报文,</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">Server</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">响应</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">dhcp_offer</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">报文;</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">Client</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">再次发出</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">dhcp_request</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">请求确认报文,</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">Server</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">作出</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">dhcp_ack</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">确认确认。</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri"> (2) lease</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">续租工作流程</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> DHCP</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">引入了</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">lease</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">租约概念,当达到可用时间</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">50%</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">进行续租</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">(</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">单波通信</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">)</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">,发出</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">dhcp_request</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">报文。若</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">DHCP</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">服务器没响应,则在总时长限制</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">75%</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">、</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">87.5%</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">等多次发起请求,</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">DHCP</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">服务器都未响应则主动放弃地址。若</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">DHCP</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">收到服务响应,则地址可使用时间延长到所设置时间的</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri"> (3) DHCP</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">服务端故障</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">若</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">DHCP</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">地址池发生该变无法请求到:</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">dhcp</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">会返回</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">dhcp_nak</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">拒绝;客户端会重新发出</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">dhcp_discover</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">发现报文请求分配地址</span></p> <p> </p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> 3.dhcp- relay</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> DHCP</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">服务器工作生效范围:当前物理网络</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">(</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">局域网络</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">)</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">。当在两个局域网用一台</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">DHCP</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">服务器提供不同网段地址分配时候就要使用到</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">dhcp relay(dhcp</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">中继代理</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">)</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">概念。</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">注意:</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> 1) </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">必须保证有本地网段的地址池,先为自己所在的局域网段提供地址</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> 2) </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">路由器:单播</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">server</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">通信,广播</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">client</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">;路由器将自己当做</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">DHCP</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">服务器的代理</span></p> <p> </p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri"> 4.DHCP</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">服务器安装配置</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri"> (1)RPM</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">包安装</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri">dhcp</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">程序</span></p> <p> [root@localhost~]# yum install -y dhcp</p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">注意:</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ql dhcp</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> # </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">查看</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">dhcp</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">程序生成的相关文件</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri"> 1) dhcp</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">程序提供三个服务相关,不能同时启动,分别对应</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri">ipv4</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">地址分配、</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri">ipv6</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">地址分配、</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri">dhcrelay</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">代理中继服务</span></p> <p><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703153734-24.png" title="1.png" alt="wKioL1bNiVWCrWvBAAA-XeMMveE875.png" style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;vertical-align: top;border: none;float: none" /></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri"> 2) dhcpd.service</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">和</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri">dhcp6.service</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">对应的地址信息库</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri">,</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">,用于动态</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri">IP</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">分配历史记录</span></p> <p><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703153734-88.png" title="2.png" alt="wKioL1bNiVaAZWhlAAAkIR4pLoM422.png" style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;vertical-align: top;border: none;float: none" /></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri"> (2) </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">配置文件</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">是</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">iPv4_dhcp</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">服务的主配置文件位置,提供了模板配置</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">/usr/share/doc/dhcp*/dhcpd.conf.example</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">,需要自己复制模板文件覆盖当前文件,在修改配置信息。</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">[root@localhost ~]# cp/usr/share/doc/dhcp-4.2.5/dhcpd.conf.example </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> /etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri"> 1)</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">基本配置</span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px"> <tr style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px" class="firstRow"> <td width="167" style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;margin: 0px;vertical-align: top"> <p style="clear: both;height: auto;overflow: hidden;font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px">option domain-name</p> </td> <td width="516" style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;margin: 0px;vertical-align: top"> <p style="clear: both;height: auto;overflow: hidden;font-size: 14px"><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">客户端基于非</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">FQDN</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">,会自动补充搜索域</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px"> <td width="167" style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;margin: 0px;vertical-align: top"> <p style="clear: both;height: auto;overflow: hidden;font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px">option domain-name-server</p> </td> <td width="526" style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;margin: 0px;vertical-align: top"> <p style="clear: both;height: auto;overflow: hidden;font-size: 14px"><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">DNS</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">主机地址</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px"> <td width="167" style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;margin: 0px;vertical-align: top"> <p style="clear: both;height: auto;overflow: hidden;font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px">default-lease-time 600</p> </td> <td width="526" style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;margin: 0px;vertical-align: top"> <p style="clear: both;height: auto;overflow: hidden;font-family: SimSun;font-size: 14px">默认租约时长,默认单位秒</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px"> <td width="167" style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;margin: 0px;vertical-align: top"> <p style="clear: both;height: auto;overflow: hidden;font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px">max-lease-time 7200</p> </td> <td width="526" style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;margin: 0px;vertical-align: top"> <p style="clear: both;height: auto;overflow: hidden;font-family: SimSun;font-size: 14px">最大租约时长,默认单位秒</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px"> <td width="167" style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;margin: 0px;vertical-align: top"> <p style="clear: both;height: auto;overflow: hidden;font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px">log-facility local7</p> </td> <td width="526" style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;margin: 0px;vertical-align: top"> <p style="clear: both;height: auto;overflow: hidden;font-size: 14px"><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">日志信息记录方式,</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">local7</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">指向</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">/etc/rsyslong.conf</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">中自定义的</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">local7</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">位置</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">/var/log/boot.log</span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri"> 2)</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">地址池配置</span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px"> <tr style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px" class="firstRow"> <td width="149" style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;margin: 0px;vertical-align: top"> <p style="clear: both;height: auto;overflow: hidden;font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px">subnet</p> </td> <td width="544" style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;margin: 0px;vertical-align: top"> <p style="clear: both;height: auto;overflow: hidden;font-family: SimSun;font-size: 14px">定义网络</p> </td> </tr> <tr style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px"> <td width="139" style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;margin: 0px;vertical-align: top"> <p style="clear: both;height: auto;overflow: hidden;font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px">range START END</p> </td> <td width="544" style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;margin: 0px;vertical-align: top"> <p style="clear: both;height: auto;overflow: hidden;font-size: 14px"><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">定义地址分配池范围</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">(</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">起始地址、结束地址</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">)</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">,其网段范围必须属于</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">subnet</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">配置的网络范围</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px"> <td width="139" style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;margin: 0px;vertical-align: top"> <p style="clear: both;height: auto;overflow: hidden;font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px">option routers</p> </td> <td width="544" style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;margin: 0px;vertical-align: top"> <p style="clear: both;height: auto;overflow: hidden;font-family: SimSun;font-size: 14px">配置网关主机地址</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">实例:</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">subnet 10.254.239.0 netmask 255.255.255.224{</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">range 10.254.239.10 10.254.239.20;</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> option routers rtr-239-0-1.example.org,rtr-239-0-2.example.org;</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">}</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">扩展:</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri">pxe</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">预引导加载相关配置</span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px"> <tr style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px" class="firstRow"> <td width="156" style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;margin: 0px;vertical-align: top"> <p style="clear: both;height: auto;overflow: hidden;font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px">filename # ;</p> </td> <td width="507" style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;margin: 0px;vertical-align: top"> <p style="clear: both;height: auto;overflow: hidden;font-size: 14px"><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">基于网络引导是加载的</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">initial boot file</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">的文件名,网络引导系统加载文件</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px"> <td width="103" style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;margin: 0px;vertical-align: top"> <p style="clear: both;height: auto;overflow: hidden;font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px">next-server HOST;</p> </td> <td width="497" style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;margin: 0px;vertical-align: top"> <p style="clear: both;height: auto;overflow: hidden;font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px">initial boot file所在的服务主机地址;</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri"> 3)host </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">配置主机固定分配</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri">IP</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">host </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">NAME</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> {</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">…</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> }</span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px"> <tr style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px" class="firstRow"> <td width="152" style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;margin: 0px;vertical-align: top"> <p style="clear: both;height: auto;overflow: hidden;font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px">hardware ethernet #;</p> </td> <td width="492" style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;margin: 0px;vertical-align: top"> <p style="clear: both;height: auto;overflow: hidden;font-size: 14px"><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">指明网卡的</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">MAC</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">地址</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px"> <td width="109" style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;margin: 0px;vertical-align: top"> <p style="clear: both;height: auto;overflow: hidden;font-family: Calibri;font-size: 14px">fixed-address #;</p> </td> <td width="482" style="padding-right: 5px;padding-left: 5px;margin: 0px;vertical-align: top"> <p style="clear: both;height: auto;overflow: hidden;font-size: 14px"><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">指明固定分配的</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">IP</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">地址,该地址要在网络中,但不能再地址池中防止地址冲突</span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">实例:</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">host </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> xuding </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> {</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">hardware ethernet</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> 0:0:c0:5d:bd:95;</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> </span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> fi</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">xed-address</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> 172.16.210.1;</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">}</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri"> 4) class</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">分类是识别制定地址池</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri"> (3)</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">手动测试</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri">DHCP</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">获取命令:</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri">dhclient</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> dhclient -d</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">:强制显示在前台,获得地址分配过程</span></p> <p><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703153734-45.png" title="3.png" alt="wKiom1bNiO7S_RYGAABLr-KjNKM657.png" width="650" style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;vertical-align: top;border: none;float: none" /></p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">三、基于</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri">PXE</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">自动安装系统服务配置</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri">(CentOS 7)</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">说明:演示搭建环境为</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri">CentOS 7</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">系统,自动化安装的系统镜像为</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri">CentOS 7</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri"> 1.</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">安装相关所需程序包</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">[root@localhost ~]# yuminstall </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">httpd</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">[root@localhost ~]# yuminstall</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> dhcp</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">[root@localhost ~]# yuminstall</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">syslinux</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">[root@localhost ~]# yuminstall </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">tftp-sserver</span></p> <p> </p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri"> 2.</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">准备</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri">file server(yumrepository)</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">:</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri">yum</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">仓库</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">此处提供的</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">yum</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">仓库是通过</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">http</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">的</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">web</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">服务对</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">Client</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">客户端通过程序包</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri">[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /var/www/html/centos7</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> # </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: 宋体">创建安装程序文件放置位置</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri">[root@localhost ~]# </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri">mount –binf/media/cdrom /var/www/html/centos7</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> # </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">通过目录绑定的方式挂载光盘镜像</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri">[root@localhost ~]# </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri">cp /tmp/</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri">centos7.cfg</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri">/var/www/html/centos7</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> # </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: 宋体">将配置好的</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">kickstart</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: 宋体">文件放置到指定位置</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">注意:</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> 1) yum</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">仓库可以将光盘内的镜像全部复制到</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">/var/www/html/centos7</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">目录下,也可以自己</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">creatrepo</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">创建</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">yum</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">的依赖关系</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> 2) kickstart</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: 宋体">文件:</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">anaconda</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">(CentOS</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: 宋体">系列基于内核启动来实现定制自动安装操作</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">)</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: 宋体">的配置文件,其可以通过修改</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">/root</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: 宋体">目录下模板样式</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">anaconda-ks.cfg</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: 宋体">来实现定制。在此配置文件中需要指明</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">"</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">url –url=http://172.16.0.1</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">/"</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: 宋体">和需要安装的程序组。</span></p> <p> </p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri"> 3.</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">配置</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri">DHCP</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">在</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">/etc/dhcp/dhcpd.conf</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">文件中添加如下配置:</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> </span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">option domain-name"xuding.com";</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">option domain-anem-servers172.16.0.1;</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">default-lease-time 3600;</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">max-lease-time 7200; </span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">subnet 172.16.0.0 netmask 255.255.0.0 {</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">range 172.16.200.101 172.16.200.110;</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">option route 17216.100.6;</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">filename "pxelinux.0";</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">next-server 172.16.100.6;</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">}</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: 宋体">注意:</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">option domain-anem-servers</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: 宋体">的范围大于</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">option route</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: 宋体">所配置的路由范围,会先找</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">option route </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: 宋体">所提供的路由</span></p> <p> </p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri"> 4.</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: SimSun">提供预引导加载等相关文件</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> (1)</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: 宋体">将</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">syslinux</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: 宋体">程序包所提供的引导加载程序的库文件中的网络引导程序</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">pxelinux.0</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: 宋体">复制到</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">tftp</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: 宋体">对外提供服务的路</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"><br style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px" /></span></p> <p> [<span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">root@localhost ~]# </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">cp</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> /usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">/var/lib/tftpboot/</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> (2) </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: 宋体">将镜像文件中的部分文件复制到</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">tftp</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: 宋体">服务提供使用</span></p> <p> [<span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">root@localhost ~]#</span> <span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">cp </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">/media/cdrom/images/pxelinux/{vmlinuz,initrd.img}</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> /var/lib/tftpboot/</span></p> <p> [<span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">root@localhost ~]#</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">cp</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> /usr/share/syslinux/{chain.c32,mboot.c32,menu.c32,memdisk}</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">/var/lib/tftpboot/</span></p> <p> </p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri"> 5.tftp</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: 宋体">服务下创建程序文件提供</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri">pxelinux.cfg</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: 宋体">的配置</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">[root@localhost ~]#</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">mkdir</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">[root@localhost ~]#</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> vim </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">配置文件</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">内容类似如下:</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri"> menu.c32</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">提供文本图形化选择界面,显示提手时间、超时时长、全局菜单、单个菜单、指明加载的内核、安装时候</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">yum</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">仓库位置、自动安装时所使用的</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: Calibri">ks</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-family: SimSun">配置</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">default menu.c32</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> prompt 5</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> timeout 30</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> MENU TITLE </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">CentOS 7 PXE Menu</span></p> <p> </p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> LABEL linux</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> MENU LABELInstall CentOS 7 x86_64</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> KERNEL vmlinuz</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> APPENDinitrd=initrd.img inst.repo=http://172.16.100.6/centos7ks=http://172.16.100.6/centos7.cfg</span></p> <p> </p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri"> 6.</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: 宋体">启动各服务</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start httpd</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">.service</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">[root@localhost ~]# systemctl</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> start </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">dhcpd.service</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">[root@localhost ~]# systemctl</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> start </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">tftp.socket</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri"> </span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: 宋体">此时,基于</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri">PXE</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: 宋体">的网络引导已经完成,可以为与该主机在同一网段内分配</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri">IP</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: 宋体">地址池内的</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri">IP</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: 宋体">,并进行自动化引导操作</span></p> <p> </p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold">注意:</span></p> <p><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri"> CentOS 6</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: 宋体">和</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: Calibri">CentOS 7</span><span style="padding: 0px;margin: 0px;font-weight: bold;font-family: 宋体">的配置有部分不同,参考如下:</span></p> <p>cp/usr/share/syslinux/pxelinux.0 /var/lib/tftpboot/</p> <p>cp/media/cdrom/images/pxeboot/{vmlinuz,initrd.img} /var/lib/tftpboot/</p> <p>cp /media/cdrom/isolinux/{boot.msg,vesamenu.c32,splash.jpg}/var/lib/tftpboot/</p> <p>mkdir/var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/</p> <p>cp/media/cdrom/isolinux/isolinux.cfg /var/lib/tftpboot/pxelinux.cfg/default</p> <p>Nicolo:http://xuding.blog.51cto.com/4890434/1744751</p> 最后修改:2021 年 12 月 10 日 10 : 53 AM © 允许规范转载 赞赏 如果觉得我的文章对你有用,请随意赞赏 赞赏作者 支付宝微信