Loading... <p><span style="background-color: inherit;line-height: 1.5"></span></p> <p><strong style="background-color: inherit;padding: 0px;margin: 0px">磁盘的分区</strong></p> <p> 主分区与扩展分区最多可以有4个(分区表64字节,每分区占16字节);</p> <p> 扩展分区最多只能有一个;</p> <p> 逻辑分区是由扩展分区持续分出来的分区;</p> <p> 能够被格式化后作为数据访问的分区为主要分区与逻辑分区,扩展分区无法格式化;</p> <p> 逻辑分区的数量以操作系统而不同,在Linux系统中,IDE硬盘最多有59个逻辑分区(5-63),SATA硬盘则有11个逻辑分区(5-15);</p> <p><span style="background-color: inherit;line-height: 1.5"></span></p> <p><span style="background-color: inherit;line-height: 1.5"></span></p> <p><strong style="background-color: inherit;padding: 0px;margin: 0px">各接口的<span style="background-color: inherit;padding: 0px;margin: 0px;line-height: 1.5">磁盘在Linux中的文件名分别为</span></strong></p> <p> /dev/sd[a-p][1-15]:为SCSI,SATA,USB,Flash等接口的磁盘文件名;</p> <p><span style="background-color: inherit;padding: 0px;margin: 0px;line-height: 1.5"> /dev/hd[a-d][1-63]:为IDE接口的磁盘文件名;</span></p> <p></p> <p><span style="background-color: inherit;line-height: 1.5"></span></p> <p><span style="background-color: inherit;padding: 0px;margin: 0px;line-height: 1.5"><strong style="background-color: inherit;padding: 0px;margin: 0px">文件系统分类</strong></span></p> <p> Windows :<span style="background-color: inherit;padding: 0px;margin: 0px;line-height: 1.5">NTFS</span><span style="background-color: inherit;padding: 0px;margin: 0px;line-height: 1.5">、</span><span style="background-color: inherit;padding: 0px;margin: 0px;line-height: 1.5">FAT32</span></p> <p> Linux:<span style="background-color: inherit;padding: 0px;margin: 0px;line-height: 1.5">ext2、</span><span style="background-color: inherit;padding: 0px;margin: 0px;line-height: 1.5">ext3</span><span style="background-color: inherit;padding: 0px;margin: 0px;line-height: 1.5">、</span><span style="background-color: inherit;padding: 0px;margin: 0px;line-height: 1.5">ext4</span><span style="background-color: inherit;padding: 0px;margin: 0px;line-height: 1.5">、</span><span style="background-color: inherit;padding: 0px;margin: 0px;line-height: 1.5">xfs</span><span style="background-color: inherit;padding: 0px;margin: 0px;line-height: 1.5">、</span><span style="background-color: inherit;padding: 0px;margin: 0px;line-height: 1.5">reiserfs</span><span style="background-color: inherit;padding: 0px;margin: 0px;line-height: 1.5">、</span><span style="background-color: inherit;padding: 0px;margin: 0px;line-height: 1.5">nfs</span><span style="background-color: inherit;padding: 0px;margin: 0px;line-height: 1.5">、</span><span style="background-color: inherit;padding: 0px;margin: 0px;line-height: 1.5">iso9660</span><span style="background-color: inherit;padding: 0px;margin: 0px;line-height: 1.5">、</span><span style="background-color: inherit;padding: 0px;margin: 0px;line-height: 1.5">jfs</span><span style="background-color: inherit;padding: 0px;margin: 0px;line-height: 1.5">、</span><span style="background-color: inherit;padding: 0px;margin: 0px;line-height: 1.5">brtfs</span></p> <p><span style="background-color: inherit;padding: 0px;margin: 0px;line-height: 1.5"><br /></span></p> <p> 小结:通过以上内容,我们简单了解了磁盘的组成、分区、接口的磁盘命名及文件系统的分类。下面我们来具体看下磁盘分区、格式化及磁盘挂载所使用到的命令。<span style="background-color: inherit;line-height: 1.5"></span></p> <p><span style="background-color: inherit;line-height: 1.5"><br /></span></p> <p><span style="background-color: inherit;line-height: 1.5">[</span>root@ti0203a400-1401<span style="background-color: inherit;line-height: 1.5"> /]# </span><span style="background-color: inherit;line-height: 1.5;color:#ff0000">fdisk -l //查看磁盘</span></p> <p><br style="background-color: inherit" /></p> <p>Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes</p> <p>255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders</p> <p>Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes</p> <p>Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes</p> <p>I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes</p> <p>Disk identifier: 0x000152be</p> <p><br style="background-color: inherit" /></p> <p> Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System</p> <p>/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux</p> <p>Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.</p> <p>/dev/sda2 26 5125 40960000 83 Linux</p> <p>/dev/sda3 5125 5380 2048000 82 Linux swap / Solaris</p> <p><br style="background-color: inherit" /></p> <p>[root@ti0203a400-1401 /]# <span style="background-color: inherit;color:#ff0000">fdisk /dev/sda <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span> //开始创建磁盘分区</span></p> <p><br style="background-color: inherit" /></p> <p>WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to</p> <p> switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to</p> <p> sectors (command 'u').</p> <p><br style="background-color: inherit" /></p> <p>Command (m for help): <span style="background-color: inherit;color:#ff0000">p<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span> <span style="background-color: inherit"> </span>//显示分区表</p> <p><br style="background-color: inherit" /></p> <p>Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes</p> <p>255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders</p> <p>Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes</p> <p>Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes</p> <p>I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes</p> <p>Disk identifier: 0x000152be</p> <p><br style="background-color: inherit" /></p> <p> Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System</p> <p>/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux</p> <p>Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.</p> <p>/dev/sda2 26 5125 40960000 83 Linux</p> <p>/dev/sda3 5125 5380 2048000 82 Linux swap / Solaris</p> <p><br style="background-color: inherit" /></p> <p>Command (m for help): <span style="background-color: inherit;color:#ff0000">n </span><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span> //新建一个分区</p> <p>Command action</p> <p> e extended</p> <p> p primary partition (1-4)</p> <p><span style="background-color: inherit;color:#ff0000">p <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span> <span style="background-color: inherit"> </span>//创建主分区</p> <p>Selected partition <span style="background-color: inherit;color:#ff0000">4 <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span> //分区号</p> <p>First cylinder (5380-6527, default 5380): //(开始柱面-可默认)<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span> </p> <p>Using default value 5380</p> <p>Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (5380-6527, default 6527): <span style="background-color: inherit;color:#ff0000">+5G<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span> //磁盘大小</p> <p><br style="background-color: inherit" /></p> <p>Command (m for help): <span style="background-color: inherit;color:#ff0000">p<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span> //显示分区表</p> <p><br style="background-color: inherit" /></p> <p>Disk /dev/sda: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes</p> <p>255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 6527 cylinders</p> <p>Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes</p> <p>Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes</p> <p>I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes</p> <p>Disk identifier: 0x000152be</p> <p><br style="background-color: inherit" /></p> <p> Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System</p> <p>/dev/sda1 * 1 26 204800 83 Linux</p> <p>Partition 1 does not end on cylinder boundary.</p> <p>/dev/sda2 26 5125 40960000 83 Linux</p> <p>/dev/sda3 5125 5380 2048000 82 Linux swap / Solaris</p> <p><span style="background-color: inherit;color:#ff0000">/dev/sda4 5380 6033 5246248+ 83 Linux</span></p> <p><br style="background-color: inherit" /></p> <p>Command (m for help): <span style="background-color: inherit;color:#ff0000">w </span><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span> //保存退出</p> <p>The partition table has been altered!</p> <p><br style="background-color: inherit" /></p> <p>Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.</p> <p><br style="background-color: inherit" /></p> <p>WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.</p> <p>The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at</p> <p>the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)</p> <p>Syncing disks.</p> <p>[root@ti0203a400-1401 /]# <span style="background-color: inherit;color:#ff0000">df -h</span></p> <p>Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on</p> <p>/dev/sda2 39G 3.3G 34G 9% /</p> <p>tmpfs 491M 92K 491M 1% /dev/shm</p> <p>/dev/sda1 190M 55M 126M 31% /boot</p> <p>[root@ti0203a400-1401 /]<span style="background-color: inherit;color:#ff0000"># cat /proc/partitions </span>//查看分区表是否加载</p> <p>major minor #blocks name</p> <p><br style="background-color: inherit" /></p> <p> 8 0 52428800 sda</p> <p> 8 1 204800 sda1</p> <p> 8 2 40960000 sda2</p> <p> 8 3 2048000 sda3</p> <p> <span style="background-color: inherit;color:#ff0000">8 4 5246248 sda4 </span>//如果没有加载就执行下面指令重新读取加载</p> <p>[root@ti0203a400-1401 /]#<span style="background-color: inherit;color:#ff0000"> partx -a /dev/sda</span><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span> <span style="background-color: inherit"> </span> // RHEL6让内核重新读取硬盘分区表:</p> <p>BLKPG: Device or resource busy</p> <p>error adding partition 1</p> <p>BLKPG: Device or resource busy</p> <p>error adding partition 2</p> <p>BLKPG: Device or resource busy</p> <p>error adding partition 3</p> <p>BLKPG: Device or resource busy</p> <p>error adding partition 4</p> <p>[root@ti0203a400-1401 /]#<span style="background-color: inherit;color:#ff0000"> mkfs -t ext4 /dev/sda4<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span> //格式化新建磁盘</p> <p>mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)</p> <p>Filesystem label=</p> <p>OS type: Linux</p> <p>Block size=4096 (log=2)</p> <p>Fragment size=4096 (log=2)</p> <p>Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks</p> <p>328000 inodes, 1311562 blocks</p> <p>65578 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user</p> <p>First data block=0</p> <p>Maximum filesystem blocks=1346371584</p> <p>41 block groups</p> <p>32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group</p> <p>8000 inodes per group</p> <p>Superblock backups stored on blocks: </p> <p> 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736</p> <p><br style="background-color: inherit" /></p> <p>Writing inode tables: done </p> <p>Creating journal (32768 blocks): </p> <p>done</p> <p>Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: </p> <p>done</p> <p><br style="background-color: inherit" /></p> <p>This filesystem will be automatically checked every 20 mounts or</p> <p>180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.</p> <p>[root@ti0203a400-1401 /]# </p> <p>[root@ti0203a400-1401 /]#<span style="background-color: inherit;color:#ff0000"> mkdir -p /testdir </span><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span> //创建磁盘挂载目录</p> <p>[root@ti0203a400-1401 /]#<span style="background-color: inherit;color:#ff0000"> mount -t ext4 /dev/sda4 /testdir/ </span><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span> //挂载磁盘</p> <p>[root@ti0203a400-1401 /]#<span style="background-color: inherit;color:#ff0000"> df -h </span>//查看磁盘是否识别并挂载</p> <p>Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on</p> <p>/dev/sda2 39G 3.3G 34G 9% /</p> <p>tmpfs 491M 92K 491M 1% /dev/shm</p> <p>/dev/sda1 190M 55M 126M 31% /boot</p> <p><span style="background-color: inherit;color:#ff0000">/dev/sda4 4.8G 11M 4.6G 1% /testdir</span></p> <p>[root@ti0203a400-1401 /]# ls /testdir/</p> <p>lost+found</p> <p>[root@ti0203a400-1401 /]# </p> <p><br style="background-color: inherit" /></p> <p><br style="background-color: inherit" /></p> <p><br style="background-color: inherit" /></p> <p><br style="background-color: inherit" /></p> <p><br style="background-color: inherit" /></p> <p>转载:<br style="background-color: inherit" /></p> <p>http://miclesvic.blog.51cto.com/2152735/1344202</p> <p><br style="background-color: inherit" /></p> <p><br style="background-color: inherit" /></p> <p><br style="background-color: inherit" /></p> <p><br style="background-color: inherit" /></p> <p><br style="background-color: inherit" /></p> <p><br style="background-color: inherit" /></p> <p><br style="background-color: inherit" /></p> <p><br style="background-color: inherit" /></p> <p><br style="background-color: inherit" /></p> <p><br class="Apple-interchange-newline" /></p> <p></p> 最后修改:2021 年 12 月 10 日 10 : 53 AM © 允许规范转载 赞赏 如果觉得我的文章对你有用,请随意赞赏 赞赏作者 支付宝微信