Loading... <p style="text-align:center;background:white"><strong><span style="font-size:24px;font-family:黑体">Linux</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:24px;font-family:黑体">文件查找</span></strong></p> <p><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif"><br /></span></p> <hr size="2" width="100%" /> <p style="text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px">Linux</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">的基本法则之一为一切皆文件,</span><span style="font-size:16px">Linux</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">遵循</span><span style="font-size:16px">FHS</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">(</span><span style="font-size: 16px">Filesystem Hierarchy Standard</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">),文件系统目录标准,</span><span style="font-size: 16px">FHS</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">采用树形结构组织文件;在使用过程中,我们会遇到知道文件名却不知道文件位置的情况,或者查找某些类型的文件,此时我们需要文件查找的功能。</span></p> <p style="background: white"><span style="font-size:16px"> </span></p> <p style="background: white"><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">一、常用查找命令:</span></p> <p style="background: white"><span style="font-size:16px">Locate</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">与</span><span style="font-size:16px">finad</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">:</span></p> <p style="text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px">locate</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">命令为非实时查找模式;非实时查找,需要根据索引查找,依赖于索引,而索引构建相当占用资源;索引的创建是在系统空闲时由系统自动进行</span><span style="font-size:16px">(</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">每天任务</span><span style="font-size:16px">)</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">;手动进行使用</span><span style="font-size:16px">updatedb</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">命令。</span><span style="font-size:16px">Locate</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">命令,查找速度快,查找不精准且模糊。</span></p> <p style="text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px">Find</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">命令为实时查找模式,遍历所有文件进行条件匹配;查找精准,速度慢。</span></p> <p style="background: white"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif"> </span></p> <p style="background: white"><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: 宋体">二、</span><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: Cambria, serif">find</span><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: 宋体">命令用法</span></p> <p style="background: white"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: Cambria, serif">1</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">、命令格式:</span></p> <p style="text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px">#find [option]… [</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">查找路径</span><span style="font-size:16px">] [</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">查找条件</span><span style="font-size:16px">] [</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">处理动作</span><span style="font-size:16px">]</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 24px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">查找路径:默认为当前目录;</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 24px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">查找条件:默认为指定路径下的所有文件;</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 24px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">处理动作:默认为显示至屏幕;</span></p> <p style="background: white"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: Cambria, serif"> </span></p> <p style="background: white"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: Cambria, serif">2</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">、查找条件:</span></p> <p style="text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size: 16px">2.1</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">、文件名查找:</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 24px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size: 16px">-name "filename"</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">:</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 24px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size: 16px">-iname "filename"</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">:查找时忽略字符大小写;</span></p> <p style="text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">注意:文件名查找支持使用通配符(</span><span style="font-size: 16px">globbing</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">);</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 24px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size: 16px">*</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">:</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">任意长度的任意字符;</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 24px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size: 16px">?</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">:</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">任意单个字符;</span></p> <p style="text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size: 16px"> []</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">:</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">指定范围内的任意单个字符;</span></p> <p style="text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size: 16px"> [^]</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">:</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">范围之外的任意字符;</span></p> <p style="background: white"><span style="font-size: 16px"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 21px;background: white"><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703160449-23.jpg" title="1434286168171658.jpg" alt="1.jpg" /></p> <p style="background: white"><span style="font-size: 16px"> </span></p> <p style="text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size: 16px">2.2</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">、用户和组查找:</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 24px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size: 16px">-user USERNAME</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">:根据文件的属主查找;</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 24px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size: 16px">-group GRPNAME</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">:根据文件的属组查找;</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 24px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size: 16px"> </span></p> <p style="background: white"><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703160449-55.jpg" title="1434286175121835.jpg" alt="2.jpg" /></p> <p style="background: white"><span style="font-size: 16px"> </span></p> <p style="margin-left: 24px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size: 16px">-uid UID</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">:根据文件的</span><span style="font-size: 16px">UID</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">查找;</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 24px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size: 16px">-gid GID</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">:根据文件的</span><span style="font-size: 16px">GID</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">查找;</span></p> <p style="background: white"><span style="font-size: 16px"> </span></p> <p style="background: white"><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703160449-37.jpg" title="1434286182140609.jpg" alt="3.jpg" /></p> <p style="background: white"><span style="font-size: 16px"> </span></p> <p style="margin-left: 24px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size: 16px">-nouser</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">:查找没有属主的文件;</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 24px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size: 16px">-nogroup</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">:查找没有属组的文件;</span></p> <p style="background: white"><span style="font-size: 16px"> </span></p> <p style="background: white"><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703160449-1.jpg" title="1434286188684898.jpg" alt="4.jpg" /></p> <p style="background: white"><span style="font-size: 16px"> </span></p> <p style="text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size: 16px">2.3</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">、根据文件类型查找:</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 24px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size: 16px">-type TYPE:</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 52px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size: 16px">f</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">:普通文件</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 56px;text-indent: 28px;background: white"><span style="font-size: 16px">d</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">:目录文件</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 52px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size: 16px">l</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">:符号链接</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 52px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size: 16px">b</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">:块设备</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 52px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size: 16px">c</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">:字符设备</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 52px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size: 16px">s</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">:套接字文件</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 52px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size: 16px">p</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">:命名管道</span></p> <p style="line-height: 21px;background: white"><span style="font-size: 16px"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 21px;background: white"><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703160449-38.jpg" title="1434286198747142.jpg" alt="5.jpg" /></p> <p style="line-height: 21px;background: white"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif"> </span></p> <p style="text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px">2.4</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">、文件大小查找:</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 24px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px">-size [+|-]#UNIT</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 52px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">常用单位:</span><span style="font-size:16px">k</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">,</span><span style="font-size:16px">M</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">,</span><span style="font-size:16px">G</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family:宋体">,默认为字节;</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 52px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px">#UNIT</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">:</span><span style="font-size:16px">#-1<x<=#</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">,</span><span style="font-size: 16px">#</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">表示查找的范围为小于</span><span style="font-size: 16px">#</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">且大于</span><span style="font-size: 16px">#-1</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">单位内大小的文件;</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 52px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px">-#UNIT</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">:</span><span style="font-size:16px">x<=#-1</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">:</span><span style="font-size: 16px">-#</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">表示的其实是</span><span style="font-size: 16px">#-1</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">范围内的文件;</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 52px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px">+#UNIT</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">:</span><span style="font-size:16px">x>#</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">:</span><span style="font-size: 16px">+#</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">表示的是大于</span><span style="font-size: 16px">#</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">号的文件;</span></p> <p style="background: white"><span style="font-size: 16px"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 21px;background: white"><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703160449-95.jpg" title="1434286206888374.jpg" alt="6.jpg" /></p> <p style="line-height: 21px;background: white"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 21px;background: white"><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703160449-40.jpg" title="1434286211580518.jpg" alt="7.jpg" /></p> <p style="line-height: 21px;background: white"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 21px;background: white"><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703160449-88.jpg" title="1434286219280467.jpg" alt="8.jpg" /></p> <p style="line-height: 21px;background: white"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif"> </span></p> <p style="text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px">2.5</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">、根据时间戳查找:</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 24px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">以“天”为单位,访问时间:</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 52px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px">-atime [+|-]#</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 80px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px">+#</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">:</span><span style="font-size:16px">x>=#+1</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">,</span><span style="font-size: 16px">+#</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">表示</span><span style="font-size: 16px">#+1</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">天之前被访问过的文件;</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 80px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px">-#</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">:</span><span style="font-size:16px">x<#</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">,</span><span style="font-size: 16px">-#</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">表示小于</span><span style="font-size: 16px">#</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">天之内的访问过的文件;</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 80px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px">#</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">:</span><span style="font-size:16px">#<=x<#+1</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">,</span><span style="font-size: 16px">#</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">表示在</span><span style="font-size: 16px">#</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">和</span><span style="font-size: 16px">#+1</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">天之内访问过的文件;</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 52px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px">-mtime</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">:修改时间</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 52px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px">-ctime</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">:状态时间</span></p> <p style="background: white"><span style="font-size:16px"> </span></p> <p style="background: white"><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703160449-89.jpg" title="1434286231833263.jpg" alt="9.jpg" /></p> <p style="background: white"><span style="font-size:16px"> </span></p> <p style="background: white"><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703160449-33.jpg" title="1434286238354452.jpg" alt="10.jpg" /></p> <p style="background: white"><span style="font-size:16px"> </span></p> <p style="background: white"><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703160449-57.jpg" title="1434286244344203.jpg" alt="11.jpg" /></p> <p style="background: white"><span style="font-size:16px"> </span></p> <p style="margin-left: 24px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">以“分钟”为单位,格式同上:</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 52px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px">-amin</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">:</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 52px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px">-mmin</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">:</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 52px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px">-cmin</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">:</span></p> <p style="background: white"><span style="font-size:16px"> </span></p> <p style="text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px">2.6</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">、</span> <span style="font-size: 16px;font-family:宋体">根据权限查找:</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 24px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px">-perm [+|-]MODE</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 24px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px">MODE</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">:与</span><span style="font-size:16px">MODE</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">精确匹配;</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 24px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px">+MODE</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">:任何一类用户的权限只要能包含对其指定的任何一位权限即可;</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 24px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px">-MODE</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">:每类用户指定的检查权限都匹配;</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 24px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">为三类用户所有指定的检查权限都能够被包含;</span></p> <p style="background: white"><span style="font-size:16px"> </span></p> <p style="text-indent: 28px;background: white"><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703160449-41.jpg" title="1434286253440654.jpg" alt="12.jpg" /></p> <p style="text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px"> </span></p> <p style="text-indent: 28px;background: white"><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703160449-98.jpg" title="1434286259123062.jpg" alt="13.jpg" /></p> <p style="text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px"> </span></p> <p style="text-indent: 28px;background: white"><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703160449-99.jpg" title="1434286265840164.jpg" alt="14.jpg" /></p> <p style="text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px"> </span></p> <p style="text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px">2.7</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">、组合条件查找:</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 24px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px">-a</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">:与,同时满足</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 24px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px">-o</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">:或,满足一个即可</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 24px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">!,</span><span style="font-size:16px">-not</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">:非,条件取反</span></p> <p style="background: white"><span style="font-size:16px"> </span></p> <p style="margin-left: 24px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px">-not A -a -not B = -not (A -o B)</span></p> <p style="margin-left: 24px;text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px">-not A -o -not B = -not (A -a B)</span></p> <p style="background: white"><span style="font-size:16px"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 21px;background: white"><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703160449-55-1.jpg" title="1434286270834750.jpg" alt="15.jpg" /></p> <p style="line-height: 21px;background: white"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif"> </span></p> <p style="line-height: 21px;background: white"><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703160449-66.jpg" title="1434286275122030.jpg" alt="16.jpg" /></p> <p style="line-height: 21px;background: white"><span style="font-family: 微软雅黑, sans-serif"> </span></p> <p style="background: white">3<span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">、处理动作:</span></p> <p style="text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px">-print</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">:显示,默认处理动作;</span></p> <p style="text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px">-ls</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">:类似于</span><span style="font-size:16px">ls –l</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">;</span></p> <p style="text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px">-exec COMMAND {} \</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">:</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">对匹配的文件执行该参数所给出相应的</span><span style="font-size: 16px">COMMAND</span><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: 宋体">;</span></p> <p style="text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px">-ok COMMAND {} \</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">;执行命令前需要确认;</span></p> <p style="text-indent: 28px;background: white"><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703160449-58.jpg" title="1434286282131842.jpg" alt="17.jpg" /></p> <p style="text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px"> </span></p> <p style="text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px">find</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">:一次性查找符合条件的所有文件,并一同传递给给</span><span style="font-size:16px">-exec</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">或</span><span style="font-size:16px">-ok</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">后面指定的命令;但是有些命令不能接受过长的参数;此时使用另一种方式:</span></p> <p style="text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px">find | xargs COMMAND</span></p> <p style="background: white"><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703160449-84.jpg" title="1434286288556018.jpg" alt="18.jpg" /></p> <p style="background: white"><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: Cambria, serif"> </span></p> <p style="background: white"><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: 宋体">三、</span><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: Cambria, serif">find</span><span style="font-size: 19px;font-family: 宋体">补充材料(摘自互联网):</span></p> <p style="background: white"><span style="font-size:16px">find</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">与</span><span style="font-size:16px">xargs</span></p> <p style="text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">在使用</span><span style="font-size:16px">find</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">命令的</span><span style="font-size:16px">-exec</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">选项处理匹配到的文件时,</span><span style="font-size:16px">find</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">命令将所有匹配到的文件一起传递给</span><span style="font-size:16px">exec</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">执行。但有些系统对能够传递给</span><span style="font-size:16px">exec</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">的命令长度有限制,这样在</span><span style="font-size:16px">find</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">命令运行几分钟之后,就会出现溢出错误。错误信息通常是“参数列太长”或“参数列溢出”。这就是</span><span style="font-size:16px">xargs</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">命令的用处所在,特别是与</span><span style="font-size:16px">find</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">命令一起使用。</span></p> <p style="text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px">find</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">命令把匹配到的文件传递给</span><span style="font-size:16px">xargs</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">命令,而</span><span style="font-size:16px">xargs</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">命令每次只获取一部分文件而不是全部,不像</span><span style="font-size:16px">-exec</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">选项那样。这样它可以先处理最先获取的一部分文件,然后是下一批,并如此继续下去。</span></p> <p style="text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">在有些系统中,使用</span><span style="font-size:16px">-exec</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">选项会为处理每一个匹配到的文件而发起一个相应的进程,并非将匹配到的文件全部作为参数一次执行;这样在有些情况下就会出现进程过多,系统性能下降的问题,因而效率不高。</span></p> <p style="text-indent: 32px;background: white"><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">而使用</span><span style="font-size:16px">xargs</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">命令则只有一个进程。另外,在使用</span><span style="font-size:16px">xargs</span><span style="font-size:16px;font-family:宋体">命令时,究竟是一次获取所有的参数,还是分批取得参数,以及每一次获取参数的数目都会根据该命令的选项及系统内核中相应的可调参数来确定。</span></p> <p></p> 最后修改:2021 年 12 月 10 日 10 : 53 AM © 允许规范转载 赞赏 如果觉得我的文章对你有用,请随意赞赏 赞赏作者 支付宝微信