Loading... <p><strong><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai">一、文件查找工具常用软件</span></strong></p> <p><strong><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai">locate:</span></strong></p> <p> locate命令其实是find -name的另一种写法,但是要比后者快得多,原因在于它不搜索具体目录,而是搜索一个数据库/var/lib/locatedb,这个数据库中含有本地所有文件信息。Linux系统自动创建这个数据库,并且每天自动更新一次,所以使用locate命令查不到最新变动过的文件。为了避免这种情况,可以在使用locate之前,先使用updatedb命令,手动更新数据库。 </p> <p><strong style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai">find:</strong></p> <p><strong style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"> </strong>find命令用来在指定目录下查找文件,通过遍历指定的目标目录,实时查找符合指定属性的文件。可以结合正则表达式(REGular EXPressio)来匹配模式。<strong style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><br /></strong></p> <p><strong>二、软件常用参数及使用方式</strong></p> </p> <p><strong>locate:</strong></p> <p> 使用格式:locate [OPTION]… PATTERN…</p> <p> 常用参数:</p> <p> -i:忽略大小写</p> <p> <img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703161033-59.png" title="NG}[61F0AVRHASNQDJO_VUI.png" alt="wKiom1bgPWGTjPsyAABDnEiqYOI752.png" /></p> <p> 实例:</p> <p> 过滤/etc/下以sh开头的文件</p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false"># locate /etc/sh /etc/shadow /etc/shadow- /etc/shells</pre> <p><strong>find:<br /></strong><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"> find [OPTIONS] [查找路径] [查找条件] [处理动作]</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"> 查找路径:默认为当前路径;</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"></span>查找条件:默认为指定路径下的所有文件;</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"></span>处理动作:默认为打印至屏幕;</span></p> <p><strong><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai">1、查找路径</span></strong></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"> 默认为当前路径,可以指定系统内的任意路径,但不建议使用/<br /></span></p> <p><strong><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai">2、查找条件</span></strong></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai">(1)基本查找条件</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai">a、用户、用户组及文件名查找</span></p> <p><strong><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai">-name "文件名":文件名支持使用globbing</span></strong></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"> glob:文件名通配;快速引用多个文件;文件名整体匹配度检测;</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"></span>元字符:基于元字符可编写匹配模式(pattern);</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span>*:匹配任意长度的任意字符;</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span>?:匹配任意单个字符;</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span>[ ]:匹配指定集合内的任意单个字符;</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"></span>[a-z], [A-Z]:不区分字符大小写;</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"></span>[0-9]</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"></span>[a-z0-9]</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span>[[:upper:]]:所有大写字母;</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span>[[:lower:]]:所有小写字母;</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span>[[:digit:]]:所有的数字;</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span>[[:alpha:]]:所有字母;</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span>[[:alnum:]]:所有字母和数字;</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span>[[:space:]]:空白字符;</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span>[[:punct:]]:标点符号;<span class="Apple-tab-span"></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"> [^ ]:匹配指定集合外的任意单个字符;</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><br /></span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai">实例:</span></p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false"># find /etc -name "passwd*"</pre> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"></span><strong><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai">-iname "文件名" 不区分大小写<br /></span></strong></p> <p><strong><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><br /></span></strong></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai">实例:</span></p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false"># find /tmp -iname "*yum*" /tmp/yum.log /tmp/YUM.LOG # find /tmp -name "*yum*" /tmp/yum.log</pre> <p><strong><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai">-user USERNAME:根据属主查找</span></strong></p> <p><strong><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai">-group USERNAME:根据属组查找</span></strong></p> <p><strong><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><br /></span></strong></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai">实例:</span></p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false"># find /var -user root -o -group mail</pre> <p><strong><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai">-uid UID:根据指定UID查找</span></strong></p> <p><strong><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai">-gid GID:根据指定GID查找</span></strong></p> <p><strong><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><br /></span></strong></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai">实例:</span></p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false"># find /tmp -uid 3323 -ls 2346806 0 -rw-rw-r-- 1 mageedu mageedu 0 Mar 10 09:36 /tmp/mageedu 2346812 0 -rw-rw-r-- 1 mageedu mageedu 0 Mar 10 09:36 /tmp/testfile</pre> <p><strong><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai">-nouser:查找没有属主的文件</span></strong></p> <p><strong><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai">-nogroup:查找没有属组的文件需</span></strong></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"> -nouser与-nogroup参数主要用在当公司员工离职后,虽然账户删除,但是他所有权限的文件还存在,并且以UID的形式来标识属主与属组,既当有uid有这个用户相同时就会可以查看此文件,所以需要删除此类文件。</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><br /></span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai">实例:</span></p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false"># find /tmp -nouser -nogroup -ls 2346806 0 -rw-rw-r-- 1 3323 3323 0 Mar 10 09:36 /tmp/mageedu 2346812 0 -rw-rw-r-- 1 3323 3323 0 Mar 10 09:36 /tmp/testfile</pre> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai">b、文件类型查找</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"></span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"> -type TYPE: 根据文件类型查找</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"></span>f: 普通文件</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"></span>d: 目录文件</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"></span>l: 符号链接文件</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"></span>b: 块设备</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"></span>c: 字符设备文件</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"></span>p: 命令名管道文件</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"></span>s: 套接字文</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai">实例:</span></p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false"># find /tmp -type d -ls</pre> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai">c、文件大小</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"></span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"> -size [+|-]#UNIT:</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"></span>常用单位有:k, M, G</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"></span>#UNIT: #-1 < x <= #</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"> 2k指1k-2k<br /></span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"></span>-#UNIT:x <= #-1</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span>-2k:指0k-1k</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"> +#UNIT: x > #</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span>+2k:指2k到正无穷</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><br /></span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai">实例:</span></p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false"># find /etc/ -type f -size +1</pre> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai">d、时间戳查找</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"></span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"> 以“天”为单位</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span>-atime [+|-]#</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"></span>-mtime [+|-]#</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"></span>-ctime [+|-]#<br /></span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"></span></p> <p> <span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai">#: 例如:今天为3月10日,3就是3月7日到3月8日(注意天是24小时制)</span></p> <p> <span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai">-#: 例如:今天为3月10日,-3就是三天内指,3月7日的现在时间到现在的时间。</span></p> <p> <span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai">+#: 例如:今天为3月10日,+3就是三天前之前指,3月7日前</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"> 以“分钟”为单位</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"></span>-amin [+|-]#</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"> -mmin</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"></span>-cmin</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai">实例:</span></p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false"># find /etc -not -user root -not -user hadoop -mtime -7 # find / -nouser -nogroup -atime -3</pre> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai">e、权限查找<br /></span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"></span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"> 根据权限查找:</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"></span>-perm [+|-]MODE</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span>MODE: 与MODE精确匹配</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span>+MODE:任何一类用户的权限只要能包含对其指定的任何一位权限即可;</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span>-MODE:每一类用户的权限都包含对其指定的所有权限;</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"></span>#这里是指包含,例如:-444 指在属主、属组、其他用户中只要包含读权限就可以。</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai">实例:</span></p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false"># find /etc/init.d/ -perm -113 #此处指所有用户都有执行权限,其他用户有写权限的文件或目录 # find /etc/ -type f -not -perm +222 #此处指所有用户都没有写权限</pre> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai">(2)组合查找条件</span><br /><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"></span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"></span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"> 组合查找条件:</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"></span>与:-a, 查找条件1 -a 查找条件2 -a …</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span>所有条件必须同时满足</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"></span>或:-o, 查找条件1 -o 查找条件2 -o …</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span>满足其中一个条件即可</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"></span>非:-not, ! </span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"> </span>-not 查找条件</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai">实例:</span></p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false"># find / \( -nouser -o -nogroup \) -a -atime -3 # find /etc/ -not \( -user root -o -user hadoop \) -a -mtime -7</pre> <p><strong><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai">3、处理动作</span></strong><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><br /></span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"> -print: 默认动作,打印至屏幕;</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"> -ls: 显示找到的文件的详细属性;</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"></span>-exec COMMAND {} \;</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"><span class="Apple-tab-span"></span>-ok COMMAND {} \;</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai"> #exec与ok的区别:ok会提供交互式,让你确认。而exec则不需要;<br /></span></p> <p><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai">实例:</span></p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false"># find /tmp -iname "*yum*" -type f -ls 134 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 10 09:32 /tmp/yum.log 137 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 10 09:32 /tmp/YUM.LOG # find /tmp -iname "*yum*" -type f -exec ls -l {} \; -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 10 09:32 /tmp/yum.log -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 10 09:32 /tmp/YUM.LOG # find /tmp -iname "*yum*" -type f -exec echo {} >>/tmp/test.file \; # find /tmp -iname "*yum*" -type f -ok echo {} >>/tmp/test.file \; < echo ... /tmp/yum.log > ? y < echo ... /tmp/YUM.LOG > ? y</pre> <p></p> 最后修改:2021 年 12 月 10 日 10 : 53 AM © 允许规范转载 赞赏 如果觉得我的文章对你有用,请随意赞赏 赞赏作者 支付宝微信