Loading... <p><span style="font-size: 20px">1.现代计算机的组成及功能</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 16px"> 现代计算机由运算器、控制器、存储器、输入和输出设备5大部分组成。分别担当着计算机的计算,控制,存储,输入和输出等功能.<br /></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 20px">2.Linux的发行版及其之间的联系与区别</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 16px"> Linux发行版主要分支分为三大系列: Slackware、debian 、redhat</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 16px"> Slackware系列—下有suse—-下有opensuse</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 16px"> debian系列—下有ubuntu—下有mint</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 16px"> redhat</span>系列 |—–下有rhel(redhat enterprise linux)</p> <p> |——CentOS 兼容rhel格式</p> <p> |——Ferdora</p> <p><span style="font-size: 18px">3.<span style="font-size: 20px">Linux的哲学思想</span></span></p> <ul class=" list-paddingleft-2"> <li> <p>一切皆文件 ——–把几乎所有资源包括硬件都组织成文件格式。</p> </li> <li> <p>由众多单一目的的小程序组成,组合小程序完成复杂任务 ——–每个小程序只完成一个功能,并且要做好。</p> </li> <li> <p>尽量避免与用户交互 ——–目标实现脚本编程,以自动完成某些功能。</p> </li> <li> <p>使用纯文本文件保存配置信息 ——–一款可用的文本编辑器即可完成系统配置工作。</p> </li> </ul> <p><span style="font-size: 20px">4.Linux系统命令的使用</span><br /> ifconfig: 查看添加当前网卡和配置等信息 </p> <p> 具体用法示例如下:</p> <p> 查看:</p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false">[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig -a eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:63:DC:5B inet addr:192.168.2.100 Bcast:192.168.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe63:dc5b/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:402 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:168 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:30962 (30.2 KiB) TX bytes:20726 (20.2 KiB) eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:63:DC:65 BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)</pre> <p> 添加:</p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false">[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth1 172.16.100.8/16 up [root@localhost ~]# ifconfig -a eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:63:DC:5B inet addr:192.168.2.100 Bcast:192.168.2.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe63:dc5b/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:1326 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:417 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:89820 (87.7 KiB) TX bytes:37346 (36.4 KiB) eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:63:DC:65 inet addr:172.16.100.8 Bcast:172.16.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0 inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe63:dc65/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:46 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:5 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:2760 (2.6 KiB) TX bytes:398 (398.0 b) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)</pre> <p> </p> <p> echo: 回显命令 具体用法示例如下</p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false">[root@localhost ~]# echo -e "hello\nwhat's the time now \n" hello what's the time now [root@localhost ~]# echo -e "how are you \t\nhow old are you\t\nhello world" how are you how old are you hello world</pre> <p> tty:显示当前连接终端 ,具体用法示例如下:</p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false">[root@localhost ~]# tty /dev/pts/1</pre> <p> startx: 登录图形界面</p> <p> export: 显示所有环境变量 ,与之类似的命令如(env和printenv)</p> <p> pwd: 打印当前目录 示例如下</p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false">[root@localhost ~]# pwd /root</pre> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:56px;text-indent:0">history:命令历史显示命令,显示命令历史中曾经使用过的所有命令 </p> <p class="MsoListParagraph" style="margin-left:56px;text-indent:0">(!# 调用历史第#条命令,!!调用上一条命令,!string 调用以"string"字符串开头的命令,<span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 16px">调用上一条命令的最后一个参数</span></p> <p><span style="font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size: 16px"> !$</span>)</p> <p>使用方法示例如下</p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false"> 985 tty 986 export 987 help export 988 kill tty1 989 tty 990 history [root@localhost ~]# !989 tty /dev/pts/0 [root@localhost ~]# ls anaconda-ks.cfg install.log install.log.syslog [root@localhost ~]# !l ls anaconda-ks.cfg install.log install.log.syslog</pre> <p> shutown:命令使用:重启shutdown -r "时间",关机shutdown -h "时间" 注:默认以分钟为单位</p> <p> 示例如下</p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false">[root@localhost ~]# shutdown -r 1 Broadcast message from root@localhost.localdomain (/dev/pts/0) at 23:46 ... The system is going down for reboot in 1 minute! ^Cshutdown: Shutdown cancelled [root@localhost ~]# shutdown -h 1 Broadcast message from root@localhost.localdomain (/dev/pts/0) at 23:46 ... The system is going down for halt in 1 minute!</pre> <p></p> <p> poweroff:关机命令,类似命令如:(halt,init 0) 立刻关机不等待</p> <p> 使用示例如下:</p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false">[root@localhost ~]# poweroff Broadcast message from root@localhost.localdomain (/dev/pts/0) at 23:50 ... The system is going down for power off NOW!</pre> <p> reboot:重启命令,类似命令如(init 6)</p> <p> hwclock:显示硬件时钟</p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false">[root@localhost ~]# hwclock Wed 15 Jun 2016 11:57:02 PM CST -0.529679 seconds</pre> <p> date:系统时钟显示和设置命令</p> <pre class="brush:bash;toolbar:false">[root@localhost ~]# date Wed Jun 15 23:53:34 CST 2016</pre> <p><span style="font-size: 20px">5.Linux系统上如何获取命令帮助</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 16px">首先,使用type命令看是内建命令还是外部命令,如果是内建命令则使用help COMMAND查看命令帮助信息;如果是外部命令则使用COMMAND –help或man COMMAND查看命令帮助信息</span><span style="font-size: 20px">.<br /></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 20px">6.Linux发行版的基础目录名称命名法则及功用规定</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 16px;font-family: arial,helvetica,sans-serif">linux发行版基础目录名称命名法则:</span></p> <p>Name/Version/Release/Arch</p> <p>Name: 发行版名称</p> <p>Version: 主版本号</p> <p>Release: 次版本号</p> <p>Arch: 适用的平台</p> 最后修改:2021 年 12 月 10 日 10 : 53 AM © 允许规范转载 赞赏 如果觉得我的文章对你有用,请随意赞赏 赞赏作者 支付宝微信