Loading... <h1><span style="font-family:宋体">帮助命令</span></h1> <p><strong><span style="font-size:19px">1. </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">使用帮助命令和帮助选项来获取帮助</span></strong></p> <p><strong><span style="font-size:19px">2. </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">使用</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:19px">man</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family: 宋体">来查看命令使用手册</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:19px">(manual)</span></strong></p> <p><strong><span style="font-size:19px">3. </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">使用</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:19px">info</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family: 宋体">来查看命令的信息页</span></strong></p> <p><strong><span style="font-size:19px">4. </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">程序自身的帮助文档</span></strong></p> <p><strong><span style="font-size:19px">5. </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">程序官方文档</span></strong></p> <p><strong><span style="font-size:19px">6. </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">发行版的官方文档</span></strong></p> <p><strong><span style="font-size:19px">7. </span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family:宋体">使用</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:19px">Google</span></strong><strong><span style="font-size:19px;font-family: 宋体">搜索关键字</span></strong></p> <h2>1. <span style="font-family:宋体">使用帮助命令和帮助选项来获取帮助</span></h2> <p>Linux<span style="font-family:宋体">系统中命令分为【内部命令】和【外部命令】。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:28px"><span style="font-family:宋体">【内部命令】:内部命令被构建在</span>shell<span style="font-family:宋体">之中,其执行速度比外部命令快,因为解析内部命令</span>shell<span style="font-family:宋体">不需要创建子进程。如果使用的是</span>bash<span style="font-family:宋体">,可以通过</span>“help”<span style="font-family:宋体">命令得到所有内部命令列表。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:28px"><span style="font-family:宋体">【外部命令】:外部命令并没有被构建在</span>shell<span style="font-family:宋体">中,这些可执行的外部命令保存在一个独立的文件当中。当一个外部命令被执行时,一个新的进程即被创建同时命令被执行。</span></p> <p><strong> </strong> <span style="font-family:宋体">如何区分内一个命令是内部命令还是外部命令?可以使用“</span>type<span style="font-family:宋体">”命令:</span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="789"> <tbody> <tr class="firstRow" style="height:82px"> <td style="border: 1px solid windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" height="82" valign="top" width="928"> <p>[root@localhost ~]# type cd ###<span style="font-family:宋体">内部命令</span> <span style="font-family:宋体">帮助命令的内部命令格式:</span># help COMMAND</p> <p>cd is a shell builtin example<span style="font-family:宋体">:</span># help cd</p> <p>[root@localhost ~]# type cat ###<span style="font-family:宋体">外部命令</span> <span style="font-family:宋体">帮助命令的外部命令格式:</span># COMMAND –help <span style="font-family:宋体">或</span></p> <p>cat is /bin/cat # COMMAND –h</p> <p> example<span style="font-family:宋体">:</span># cat –help</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p><strong> </strong></p> <p><strong><span style="font-family:宋体">内部命令</span></strong><span style="font-family:宋体">:</span> </p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr class="firstRow"> <td style="border: 1px solid windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="712"> <p>hash: <span style="font-family:宋体">记录或显示程序位置,</span>shell<span style="font-family:宋体">搜寻到外部命令的路径结果会缓存至</span>kv(kv-value)<span style="font-family:宋体">存储中</span></p> <p>-d<span style="font-family:宋体">:清除指定命令的位置</span></p> <p>-r<span style="font-family:宋体">:清除所有命令的位置</span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr class="firstRow"> <td style="border: 1px solid windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="712"> <p style="margin-left:56px">history: <span style="font-family:宋体">管理命令历史,登录</span>shell<span style="font-family: 宋体">时,会读取命令历史文件中记录下的命令:</span>~/.bash_history<span style="font-family:宋体">,登录进</span>shell<span style="font-family:宋体">后新执行的命令只会记录在缓存中,这些命令会在用户退出后“追加”至命令历史文件中。</span></p> <p>-a<span style="font-family:宋体">:追加本次会话新执行的命令历史列表至历史文件</span></p> <p>-d offset<span style="font-family: 宋体">:删除历史中指定的命令。</span></p> <p>-c<span style="font-family:宋体">:清空命令历史</span></p> <p><span style="font-family:宋体">快捷操作:</span></p> <p style="text-indent:28px">!#:<span style="font-family:宋体">调用历史中第</span>#<span style="font-family:宋体">命令</span> <span style="font-family:宋体">!</span>string:<span style="font-family: 宋体">调用历史中最近一个以</span>string<span style="font-family:宋体">开头的命令</span> <span style="font-family:宋体">!!:上一第命令</span></p> <p style="text-indent:28px"><span style="font-family:宋体">↑↓翻页查找命令历史</span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <p style="margin-left:28px"><strong><span style="font-family:宋体">外部命令</span></strong><span style="font-family:宋体">:都有一个可执行程序,位于文件系统某目录下。</span>Shell<span style="font-family:宋体">程序搜寻可执行文件的路径定义在</span>PATH<span style="font-family:宋体">环境变量中。</span># echo $PATH <span style="font-family:宋体">自左至右</span></p> <p> </p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr class="firstRow"> <td style="border: 1px solid windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="712"> <p>cat<span style="font-family:宋体">:打开文档</span> nano<span style="font-family:宋体">:文本编辑器</span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2>2. <span style="font-family:宋体">使用</span>man<span style="font-family:宋体">来查看命令使用手册</span>(manual)</h2> <p style="margin-left:42px"><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;background:#92D050">格式:</span></strong>#man COMMAND</p> <p style="margin-left:42px"><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;background:#92D050">说明:</span></strong><span style="font-family:宋体">用</span>man<span style="font-family:宋体">命令调用</span>/usr/share/man/[man1-man#] <span style="font-family:宋体">中的对应命令的手册</span>,<span style="font-family: 宋体">再解压到临时目录</span>,<span style="font-family:宋体">然后使用</span>less<span style="font-family:宋体">来进行显示</span></p> <p><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;background:#92D050"><strong><span style="font-size:14px;font-family:宋体;background:#92D050">注意:</span></strong></span></strong><span style="font-family:宋体">有些关键在不止一个章节中存在帮助手册,使用</span>whatis COMMAND <span style="font-family:宋体">来查看命令在哪些章节有帮助手册,要查看指定章节中的手册:</span>man # COMMAND</p> <p><span style="font-family:宋体">手册页按章节分类:</span></p> <p style="text-indent:42px">man1<span style="font-family:宋体">:用户命令</span></p> <p style="text-indent:42px">man2<span style="font-family:宋体">:系统调用</span> man 2 read</p> <p style="text-indent:42px">man3<span style="font-family:宋体">:</span>C<span style="font-family:宋体">库调用</span></p> <p style="text-indent:42px">man4<span style="font-family:宋体">:设备文件及特殊文件</span></p> <p style="text-indent:42px">man5<span style="font-family:宋体">:配置文件格式</span></p> <p style="text-indent:42px">man6<span style="font-family:宋体">:游戏</span></p> <p style="text-indent:42px">man7<span style="font-family:宋体">:杂项</span></p> <p style="text-indent:42px">man8<span style="font-family:宋体">:管理类的命令</span></p> <p>man<span style="font-family:宋体">命令的配置文件:</span>/etc/man.config <span style="font-family:宋体">中的</span>MANPATH<span style="font-family:宋体">指明了其路径。</span>MANPATH /PAHT/TO/SOMEWHERE<span style="font-family:宋体">指明新的手册文件搜索位置。</span># man –M /PATH/TO/SOMEWHERE COMMAND<span style="font-family: 宋体">:配置文件</span>man.config<span style="font-family:宋体">中插入一条路径</span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr class="firstRow"> <td style="border: 1px solid windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="875"> <p><span style="font-family:宋体">手册内的相关段落及作用:</span>example: # man cat</p> <p style="line-height:13px">CAT(1) User Commands CAT(1)</p> <p style="line-height:13px"> </p> <p style="line-height:13px">NAME</p> <p style="line-height:13px"> cat – concatenate files and print on the standard output <span style="font-family:宋体">简要说明命令的名称和基本功能</span></p> <p style="line-height:13px"> </p> <p style="line-height:13px">SYNOPSIS <span style="font-family:宋体">概要</span></p> <p style="line-height:13px"> cat [OPTION]… [FILE]…</p> <p style="line-height:13px"> </p> <p style="line-height:13px">DESCRIPTION <span style="font-family:宋体">描述</span></p> <p style="line-height:13px"> Concatenate FILE(s), or standard input, to standard output.</p> <p style="line-height:13px"> </p> <p style="line-height:13px"> -A, –show-all</p> <p style="line-height:13px"> equivalent to -vET</p> <p style="line-height:13px"> </p> <p style="line-height:13px"> -b, –number-nonblank</p> <p style="line-height:13px"> number nonempty output lines</p> <p style="line-height:13px"> …………………………….</p> <p style="line-height:13px"> EXAMPLES <span style="font-family:宋体">例子</span></p> <p style="line-height:13px"> cat f – g</p> <p style="line-height:13px"> Output f’s contents, then standard input, then g’s contents.</p> <p style="text-indent:56px;line-height:13px">………………………………</p> <p style="line-height:13px">AUTHOR <span style="font-family:宋体">作者</span></p> <p style="line-height:13px"> Written by Torbjorn Granlund and Richard M. Stallman.</p> <p style="line-height:13px"> </p> <p style="line-height:13px">REPORTING BUGS <span style="font-family:宋体">报告错误</span></p> <p style="line-height:13px"> Report cat bugs to bug-coreutils@gnu.org</p> <p style="line-height:13px"> GNU coreutils home page: <http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/></p> <p style="line-height:13px"> ………………………………….</p> <p style="line-height:13px"> </p> <p style="line-height:13px">COPYRIGHT <span style="font-family:宋体">版权</span></p> <p style="line-height:13px"> Copyright © 2010 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later <http://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.</p> <p style="line-height:13px"> ………………………………………</p> <p style="line-height:13px"> </p> <p style="line-height:13px">SEE ALSO <span style="font-family:宋体">参考</span></p> <p style="line-height:13px"> The full documentation for cat is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the info and cat programs are properly installed at your site, the command</p> <p style="text-indent:56px;line-height:13px">……………………………………</p> <p style="line-height:13px"> </p> <p style="line-height:13px">GNU coreutils 8.4 October 2014 CAT(1)</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr class="firstRow"> <td colspan="3" style="border: 1px solid windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="712"> <p><strong>Less</strong><strong><span style="font-family:宋体">操作方法:</span></strong></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="243"> <p>SPACE, ^V , f ,^F <span style="font-family:宋体">向尾部翻页(整屏)</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="125"> <p>d ,^D <span style="font-family:宋体">向尾部翻页(半屏)</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="280"> <p>RETURN , ^N , e , ^E , j , ^J <span style="font-family:宋体">向尾部翻一行</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="243"> <p>b , ^B , ESC-v <span style="font-family:宋体">向首部翻页(整屏)</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="125"> <p>u ,^U <span style="font-family:宋体">向首部翻页(半屏)</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="280"> <p>y ,^Y , ^P , k , ^K <span style="font-family: 宋体">向首部翻一行</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="243"> <p>:1G <span style="font-family:宋体">跳转至文件第一行</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="125"> <p>:Number <span style="font-family: 宋体">跳转至</span>Number<span style="font-family:宋体">行</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="280"> <p>q <span style="font-family:宋体">退出</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="243"> <p>:G <span style="font-family:宋体">跳转至文件最后一行</span></p> </td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="125"></td> <td style="border-width: medium 1px 1px medium;border-style: none solid solid none;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext -moz-use-text-color;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="280"></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="712"> <p>/KEYWORD <span style="font-family:宋体">以</span>KEYWORD<span style="font-family:宋体">指定的字符串为关键字,从当前位置向文件尾部搜索,不区分大小写。</span></p> <p>n:<span style="font-family:宋体">下一个</span> N:<span style="font-family:宋体">上一个</span></p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-width: medium 1px 1px;border-style: none solid solid;border-color: -moz-use-text-color windowtext windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="712"> <p>?KEYWORD <span style="font-family:宋体">以</span>KEYWORD<span style="font-family:宋体">指定的字符串为关键字,从当前位置向文件首部搜索,不区分大小写。</span></p> <p>n:<span style="font-family:宋体">跟搜索命令同方向,下一个</span> N:<span style="font-family:宋体">跟搜索命令反方向,上一个</span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2>3. <span style="font-family:宋体">使用</span>info<span style="font-family:宋体">来查看命令的信息页</span></h2> <p>#info COMMAND <span style="font-family:宋体">以下内容来自</span>: http://man.linuxde.net/info<span style="font-family:宋体">。</span>info<span style="font-family:宋体">命令是</span>Linux<span style="font-family:宋体">下</span>info<span style="font-family:宋体">格式的帮助指令。</span></p> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody> <tr class="firstRow"> <td style="border: 1px solid windowtext;padding: 0px 7px" valign="top" width="1017"> <p style="text-indent:28px"><span style="font-family:宋体">就内容来说,</span>info<span style="font-family: 宋体">页面比</span>man page<span style="font-family:宋体">编写得要更好、更容易理解,也更友好,但</span>man page<span style="font-family:宋体">使用起来确实要更容易得多。一个</span>man page<span style="font-family:宋体">只有一页,而</span>info<span style="font-family:宋体">页面几乎总是将它们的内容组织成多个区段(称为节点),每个区段也可能包含子区段(称为子节点)。理解这个命令的窍门就是不</span> <span style="font-family:宋体">仅要学习如何在单独的</span>Info<span style="font-family: 宋体">页面中浏览导航,还要学习如何在节点和子节点之间切换。可能刚开始会一时很难在</span>info<span style="font-family:宋体">页面的节点之间移动和找到你要的东</span> <span style="font-family:宋体">西,真是具有讽刺意味:原本以为对于新手来说,某个东西比</span>man<span style="font-family:宋体">命令会更好些,但实际上学习和使用起来更困难。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:28px"><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;background:#92D050">选项:</span></strong></p> <p style="text-indent:56px">-d<span style="font-family:宋体">:添加包含</span>info<span style="font-family:宋体">格式帮助文档的目录;</span> </p> <p style="text-indent:56px">-f<span style="font-family:宋体">:指定要读取的</span>info<span style="font-family:宋体">格式的帮助文档;</span></p> <p style="text-indent:56px">-n<span style="font-family:宋体">:指定首先访问的</span>info<span style="font-family:宋体">帮助文件的节点;</span> </p> <p style="text-indent:56px">-o<span style="font-family:宋体">:输出被选择的节点内容到指定文件。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:28px"><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;background:#92D050">快捷键</span></strong></p> <p style="text-indent:56px">?<span style="font-family:宋体">键:它就会显示</span>info<span style="font-family:宋体">的常用快捷键。</span> </p> <p style="text-indent:56px">N<span style="font-family:宋体">键:显示(相对于本节点的)下一节点的文档内容。</span> </p> <p style="text-indent:56px">P<span style="font-family:宋体">键:显示(相对于本节点的)前一节点的文档内容。</span> </p> <p style="text-indent:56px">U<span style="font-family:宋体">键:进入当前命令所在的主题。</span> </p> <p style="text-indent:56px">M<span style="font-family:宋体">键:敲</span>M<span style="font-family:宋体">键后输入命令的名称就可以查看该命令的帮助文档了。</span> </p> <p style="text-indent:56px">G<span style="font-family:宋体">键:敲</span>G<span style="font-family:宋体">键后输入主题名称,进入该主题。</span> </p> <p style="text-indent:56px">L<span style="font-family:宋体">键:回到上一个访问的页面。</span> SPACE<span style="font-family:宋体">键:向前滚动一页。</span> </p> <p style="text-indent:56px">BACKUP<span style="font-family:宋体">或</span>DEL<span style="font-family:宋体">键:向后滚动一页。</span> Q<span style="font-family: 宋体">:退出</span>info<span style="font-family:宋体">。</span></p> <p style="text-indent:28px"><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;background:#92D050">命令</span></strong></p> <p style="text-indent:56px"><span style="font-family:宋体">?</span> <span style="font-family:宋体">显示帮助窗口</span> </p> <p style="text-indent:56px"><span style="font-family:宋体">在帮助窗口中:</span> Ctrl-x 0 <span style="font-family:宋体">关闭帮助窗口</span> Ctrl-x Ctrl-c <span style="font-family:宋体">关闭整个</span> Info</p> <p style="text-indent:56px">q <span style="font-family:宋体">退出</span> info</p> <p style="text-indent:56px">n <span style="font-family:宋体">打开与本</span> Node <span style="font-family:宋体">关联的下一个</span> Node</p> <p style="text-indent:56px">p <span style="font-family:宋体">打开与本</span> Node <span style="font-family:宋体">关联的前一个</span> Node</p> <p style="text-indent:56px">u <span style="font-family:宋体">打开与本</span> Node <span style="font-family:宋体">关联的上一个</span> Node</p> <p style="text-indent:56px">l <span style="font-family:宋体">回到上一次访问的</span> Node</p> <p style="margin-left:56px">m<span style="font-family:宋体">或</span>g <span style="font-family:宋体">选择一个菜单项(</span>Node <span style="font-family: 宋体">的名字)</span> <span style="font-family:宋体">输入指定菜单的名字后按回车,打开指定菜单项关联的</span> Node</p> <p style="margin-left:84px"><span style="font-family: 宋体">空格键</span> <span style="font-family:宋体">下一页(</span>PageDown <span style="font-family: 宋体">也可以,下一页从当前页的最后两行开始算起)</span> <span style="font-family:宋体">下一个</span> Node <span style="font-family: 宋体">(若当前页在</span> Node <span style="font-family:宋体">文档的末尾)</span> </p> <p style="margin-left:84px">Del <span style="font-family:宋体">键</span> <span style="font-family:宋体">上一页(</span>PageUp <span style="font-family:宋体">也可以,上一页从当前页的开始两行开始算起)</span> <span style="font-family:宋体">上一个</span> Node <span style="font-family:宋体">(若当前页</span> Node <span style="font-family: 宋体">文档的开始)</span> </p> <p style="margin-left:56px">b <span style="font-family:宋体">或</span> t <span style="font-family:宋体">或</span> Home <span style="font-family:宋体">文档的开始(</span>b <span style="font-family:宋体">是</span> begining <span style="font-family:宋体">的意思)</span> </p> <p style="margin-left:56px">e <span style="font-family:宋体">或</span> End <span style="font-family:宋体">文档的末尾(</span>b <span style="font-family: 宋体">是</span> ending <span style="font-family:宋体">的意思)</span> </p> <p style="margin-left:56px">Ctrl-l <span style="font-family:宋体">刷新当前页,若当前文档显示情况有问题时</span> </p> <p style="margin-left:56px">Ctrl-g <span style="font-family: 宋体">取消所键入的指令</span> </p> <p><span style="font-family:宋体">以上内容来自</span>: http://man.linuxde.net/info</p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2>4. <span style="font-family:宋体">程序自身的帮助文档</span></h2> <p><span style="font-family:宋体">相关软件自带的帮助文档在</span>/usr/share/doc/COMMAND-VERSION/ <span style="font-family:宋体">中查看</span>README INSTALL ChangeLog<span style="font-family:宋体">等文档提供的帮助信息</span></p> <h2>5. <span style="font-family:宋体">程序官方文档</span></h2> <p><span style="font-family:宋体">在软件官方站点的</span>Documentation<span style="font-family:宋体">中可以查看到它最权威的文档说明。例如:</span>http://www.openstack.org</p> <h2>6. <span style="font-family:宋体">发行版的官方文档</span></h2> <p>http://www.redhat.com/docs <span style="font-family:宋体">红帽官方文档</span></p> <h2>7. <span style="font-family:宋体">使用</span>Google<span style="font-family:宋体">搜索关键字</span></h2> <p><span style="font-family:宋体">使用</span>Google<span style="font-family:宋体">搜索引擎来查找所需信息,下面就一些小技巧来学习一下:</span></p> <p><span style="font-family:宋体">搜索</span>openstack<span style="font-family:宋体">的</span>pdf<span style="font-family:宋体">文档:</span>openstack filetype:pdf</p> <p><img alt="google1.jpg" src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163845-30.jpg" title="1458906995943826.jpg" /></p> <p><span style="font-family:宋体">指明在</span>openstack.com<span style="font-family:宋体">站点上搜索,关键字是“</span>openstack<span style="font-family:宋体">”的相关信息:</span>openstack site:openstack.com</p> <p><img alt="google2.jpg" src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163845-62.jpg" title="1458907032864493.jpg" /></p> <h4><span style="font-family:宋体">命令格式</span></h4> <p><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;background:#92D050">命令格式:</span></strong>COMMAND[OPTIONS…][ARGUMENTS…] <span style="font-family:宋体">命令</span> [-<span style="font-family:宋体">选项</span>] [<span style="font-family:宋体">参数</span>] </p> <p style="text-indent:28px"><strong><span style="font-family:宋体;background:#92D050">说明:</span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:宋体">选项:</span></strong><span style="font-family:宋体">用于启动或关闭命令的某个或某些功能,<strong>参数:</strong>命令的作用对象,向命令提供数据。</span></p> <p style="margin-left:94px">1) <span style="font-family:宋体">短选项:</span>-c,<span style="font-family:宋体">例如:</span>-l , -h<span style="font-family:宋体">,当有多个选项时,可以写在一起例如:</span>-l –h<span style="font-family:宋体">,可写作</span> –lh<span style="font-family:宋体">;</span></p> <p style="margin-left:94px">2) <span style="font-family:宋体">长选项:</span>–word<span style="font-family:宋体">例如:</span>–long , –human -readable</p> <p style="margin-left:94px">3) []<span style="font-family:宋体">:可选内容。</span> <><span style="font-family: 宋体">:必选内容。</span> a|b<span style="font-family:宋体">:二选一或者多选一</span>{}<span style="font-family:宋体">定界,哪些是二选一多选一。</span> …<span style="font-family:宋体">:同一内容可以出现多次。</span></p> <p> <strong><span style="font-family:宋体;background:#92D050">注意:</span></strong>1<span style="font-family:宋体">)多选项,以及多参数和命令之间都应该使用空白字符分隔</span></p> <p> 2<span style="font-family:宋体">)取消命令执行:</span>Ctrl+c</p> <p> </p> <p><strong><span style="font-family:宋体">文件</span></strong><span style="font-family:宋体">数据有两种:元数据:</span>metadata <span style="font-family:宋体">数据:</span>data</p> <p style="margin-left:52px">1、 <span style="font-family:宋体">文件名严格区分字符大小写</span></p> <p style="margin-left:52px">2、 <span style="font-family:宋体">文件名可使用除“</span>/<span style="font-family:宋体">”以外的任意字符,不建议使用特殊字符</span></p> <p style="margin-left:52px">3、 <span style="font-family:宋体">文件名长度最长不能超过</span>255<span style="font-family:宋体">个字符</span></p> <p style="margin-left:52px">4、 <span style="font-family:宋体">以</span> . <span style="font-family:宋体">开关的文件是隐藏文件</span></p> <p><strong><span style="font-family:宋体">路径</span></strong><span style="font-family:宋体">:</span> <span style="font-family:宋体">绝对路径:从根目录起始的路径</span> <span style="font-family:宋体">;</span> <span style="font-family:宋体">相对路径:从当前路径起始的路径</span> current directory working directory<span style="font-family:宋体">,相对路径表示:</span>(1) ./ ./sysconfig/network-scripts <span style="font-family:宋体">(</span>2<span style="font-family:宋体">)省略</span> ./ sysconfig/network-scripts</p> <p> <span style="font-family:宋体">显示当前路径:【</span>pwd<span style="font-family:宋体">】</span>:printing working directory</p> <p></p> 最后修改:2021 年 12 月 10 日 10 : 53 AM © 允许规范转载 赞赏 如果觉得我的文章对你有用,请随意赞赏 赞赏作者 支付宝微信