Loading... <p><span style="text-decoration:underline"><em><strong><span style="line-height: 1.6"><span style="font-size: 1.333rem">文件系统(File system) :</span></span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><span style="font-size: 1.333rem"> </span></span></strong></em></span></p> <ul style="padding-left: 2.13rem" class=" list-paddingleft-2"> <li> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"> 文件系统概要</span></p> </li> </ul> <ul style="padding-left: 2.13rem" class=" list-paddingleft-2"> <li> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"> 文件系统的分类</span></p> </li> <li> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"> 文件系统的管理工具</span></p> </li> </ul> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"> <span style="font-size: 0.867rem"> mkfs </span></span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><span style="font-size: 0.867rem">b</span></span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><span style="font-size: 0.867rem">trfs</span></span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><span style="font-size: 0.867rem"> </span></span><span style="font-size: 0.867rem;line-height: 1.6">ext </span><span style="font-size: 13px;line-height: 20px">xfs</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><span style="font-size: 0.867rem"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><span style="font-size: 0.867rem"> </span></span></p> <ul style="padding-left: 2.13rem" class=" list-paddingleft-2"> <li> <p><span style="font-size: 0.867rem;line-height: 1.6"> SWAP</span></p> </li> <li> <p> LVM</p> </li> </ul> <p></p> <p><strong><em><span style="text-decoration:underline"><br /></span></em></strong><span style="line-height: 1.6;font-weight: bold;text-decoration:underline"><em><span style="font-size: 1.333rem">文件系统概要:</span></em></span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6">文件系统</span><span style="line-height: 1.6">是</span><span style="line-height: 1.6">什么? </span></p> <p> 文件系统是位于内核中功能中,用来区分与明确存储设备上文件的方法和数据结构。</p> <p> 文件系统有什么功能?</p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> 管理和调度文件的存储空间,提供文件的逻辑结构,存储方式,实现文件的控制操作。</span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p><strong style="line-height: 1.6"><span style="text-decoration:underline"><em><span style="font-size: 1.333rem">文件系统的分类:</span></em></span></strong></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"><strong> <em>根据操作系统:</em></strong></span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> Linux:ext2 ext3 ext4 xfs btrfs reiserfs jfs swap</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><strong><br /></strong></span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> swap:交换分区</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> iso9660:光盘</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p> Unix : FFS UFS JFS2<span style="line-height: 1.6"><strong><br /></strong></span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> Windows:fat32 ntfs</span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> Network File System : NFS CIFS</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> 集群FS:GFS2 OCFS2</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> 分布式文件系统:ceph moosefs mogilefs Glusterfs lustre</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"><strong>根据日志型文件系统:</strong></span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> 日志型文件系统:ext3 ext4 xfs</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> 非日志型文件系统:ext2 vfat</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"> 日志型与非日志的对比:</span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"> 对比非日志型文件系统的两个分区,元数据区,数据区,日志型文件系统还多了一个日志区,当数据要写入时,会先将文件的元数据写入日志区,然后块数据写入完成后再将日志区的原文件读出写入元数据区,这样如果在写入数据时,计算机突然断电,数据没有写完,就不用去遍历磁盘的所有块,而只需检查日志区所记载的元数据的块就可以检查与修复,大大缩短了磁盘修复的速度,并增强了安全,但是日志型文件系统每一次写入都会多一次的IO操作,会对系统性能有微微的影响。</span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span></p> <p> </p> <p><em><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span style="font-size: 1.333rem">文件系统管理:</span></span></em></p> <p><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span style="font-size: 1.133rem">mkfs : make file system</span></span></strong></p> <p><strong>1.mkfs.TYPE [option]</strong></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> -b # : block size</span></p> <p> -s # : sector size</p> <p> -L 'label' : set LABEL</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>2.mkfs [option] DEVICE</strong></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> -t : type </span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span style="font-size: 1.133rem"><span style="color:#ff6820">btrfs manager tool</span></span></span></strong></span></p> <p>create btrfs</p> <p><strong><span style="line-height: 1.6">mkfs.btrfs [option] <DEVICE></span><span style="line-height: 1.6">…</span></strong></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> -d : 指定数据的格式 raid0 raid1 raid5 raid6 raid10 single</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> -m ; 指定元数据的格式 raid0 raid1 raid5 raid6 raid10 single <strong><em><span style="text-decoration:underline">dup</span></em></strong></span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> -L LABEL : set label</span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6">btrfs <command> <command></span></p> <p><strong>btrfs filesystem [command]</strong><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> df <PATH> :根据mount point查看btrfs空间信息</span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> show [ –mounted | –all-decices ] <path | uuid | device | label> :查看btrfs信息</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> resize < max | +# | -# > /PATH :重设fs空间大小,如+5G -3M等。max代表最大值。</span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"><strong> btrfs device [command]</strong></span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> add [option] <Device> </PATH> :添加一块磁盘设备进一个btrfs。</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> -f : fouce</span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> delete <Device>| </PATH> : 删除一个磁盘设备。 </span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> stats <PATH>|<Device> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span></p> <p><strong> btrfs balance [command] </strong></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> <strong> </strong></span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><strong> start [option] <path> : 启动fs空间均衡。</strong></span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="text-decoration: none;line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="text-decoration: underline;line-height: 1.6">-mconvert = <RAID0 | RAID1 | RAID5 | RAID6 | RAID10 | … | single | <strong><em>dup</em></strong> > :修改元数据组织机制。<br /></span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="text-decoration: underline;line-height: 1.6">-dconvert = <RAID0 | RAID1 | RAID5 | RAID6 | RAID10 | … |single> :修改数据组织机制。</span><span style="text-decoration: underline;line-height: 1.6"> </span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><em>pause </em></span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><em><path> : 暂停均衡</em></span></p> <p><em><span style="line-height: 1.6"> cancel </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><path> : 取消均衡</span></em></p> <p><em><span style="line-height: 1.6"> resume </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><path>: 继续均衡</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></em></p> <p><em><span style="line-height: 1.6"> status</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><path>:查看正在均衡的进度</span></em></p> <p><strong><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></strong></p> <p><strong><span style="line-height: 1.6"> btrfs subvolume [command]</span></strong></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6">create <name> :创建一个子卷</span><strong><span style="line-height: 1.6"><span style="text-decoration:underline"><br /></span></span></strong></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6">delete <subvolume path>… : 删除一个子卷</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p> list [option] <path> :列出子卷信息</p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6">show <path> :输出子卷详细信息</span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline">snapshot <source> <快照PATH> : 创建一个快照</span></strong></span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> <strong><span style="text-decoration:underline">cp –reflink <source> <快照PATH> :</span></strong></span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline">对一个文件创建快照</span></strong></span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline"><br /></span></strong></span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"><span style="text-decoration:underline"> <span style="font-weight: bold">btrfs mount :</span></span></span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> <span style="text-decoration:underline"> mount -o subvol=<volume name> <MOUNT POINT>:根据路径挂载。</span></span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><span style="text-decoration:underline"><br /></span></span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><span style="text-decoration:underline">subvolid=<volume id > <MOUNT PONIT</span></span><span style="line-height: 1.6;text-decoration:underline">> :根据子卷ID挂载。</span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> <span style="text-decoration:underline"> <strong>mount -o compress <lzo|zlib> <DEVICE> <MOUNT PONIT> : 开启透明压缩模式,并根据选择不同的压缩方式。</strong></span></span></p> <p> </p> <p><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline">btrfs-convert [option] <DEVICE> : 升级至btrfs。</span></strong></p> <p><strong> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> <span style="text-decoration:underline"> -r :将btrfs转回原来的格式。</span></span></strong><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span style="color:#ff6820">ext 系列FS manager tool</span></span></strong></p> <p> mke2fs [option] DEVICE : 创建ext系列文件系统。</p> <p> -b {1024|2048|4096}:block size</p> <p> -L 'label' :set Label</p> <p> -i # :指定多少个字节创建一个inode</p> <p> -n # :指定一共有多少个inode</p> <p> -t {ext2|ext3|ext4}:指定type</p> <p> -m # :预留管理员多少%磁盘空间</p> <p> e2label :查看及修改标签</p> <p> e2label Device LABEL</p> <p> tune2fs :修改ext系列属性</p> <p> tune2fs [option] Device </p> <p> -L label:set LABEL</p> <p> -m:修改预留磁盘百分比</p> <p> -l : list file system message</p> <p> -c # : 设置强制自检的挂载次数,每挂载一次就mount count的次数就加一,达到#的值就会强制自检.</p> <p> -i #[d|m|w] : 设置强制自检的时间间隔。 [day|month|week] </p> <p> </p> <p> dumpe2fs [option] Device :显示文件系统属性信息。</p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> -h :只显示超级块中的信息。</span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p> e2fsck [option] Device :修复ext系列fs</p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"> -a:自动修复</span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> -f :强制检查</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span></p> <p><span style="color:#009300"><span style="line-height: 1.6"> resize2</span><span style="line-height: 1.6">fs [OPTION] [EXT_PATH] [SIZE]:重设EXT文件系统的大小。</span></span></p> <p><span style="color:#009300"> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> -P:将ext的文件系统更新至物理内存磁盘分区中的<strong>最大</strong>数值并告知内核。</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></span></p> <p><span style="color:#009300"> -P:将ext的文件系统更新至物理内存磁盘分区中的<strong>最小</strong>数值并告知内核。</span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline"><span style="color:#ff6820">xfs文件系统管理 </span></span></strong></span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6">mkfs_xfs [OPTION] [</span><span style="line-height: 1.6">DEVICE</span><span style="line-height: 1.6">] :创建xfs格式的文件系统</span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> -b # :block size</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> -L ‘label’ : set label</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> -f : fouce</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6">xfs_admin [</span><span style="line-height: 1.6">OPTION</span><span style="line-height: 1.6">] [</span><span style="line-height: 1.6">DEVICE</span><span style="line-height: 1.6">]: 调整xfs相关属性</span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> -l : 显示label</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> -u:显示UUID</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> -L:set label</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> -U:set UUID</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6">xfs_repair [</span><span style="line-height: 1.6">OPTION</span><span style="line-height: 1.6">] [DEVICE] :检查,修复fs</span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> -f:指定file</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> -n:only check</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> -d:在单人模式下,对根目录进行检查与修复。</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6">xfs_info [option] DEVICE :显示xfs文件系统的详细信息。</span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"><span style="color:#009300"><br /></span></span></p> <p><span style="color:#009300"><span style="line-height: 1.6">xfs_growfs [-D block_size] [XFS_PATH] :扩展XFS文件系统的大小。只能加大。</span><br /></span></p> <p><span style="color:#009300"> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> -D </span><span style="line-height: 1.6">[block_size] :指定大小,单位为块。</span></span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"><span style="color:#ff6820"><br /></span></span></p> <p><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline"><em><span style="font-size: 1.333rem">SWAP Manager(交换空间管理) :</span></em></span></strong></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"> SWAP</span>是什么?</p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> 是将磁盘中的一部分空间创建成内存的格式,用来存放内存中存储的数据的一块区域。</span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"> SWAP有什么功能?</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span></p> <p><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163825-40.png" title="1459083974118737.png" alt="blob.png" /></p> <p><strong><span style="font-size: 1.133rem">SWAP TOOL:</span></strong></p> <p><span style="font-size: 17px;line-height: 27px"><span style="font-size: 1rem">mkswap [-L label_name] [DEVICE] :创建一个swap文件系统</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1rem">swapon [SWAP_DEVICE] :启动一个swap。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1rem">swapoff</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><span style="font-size: 1rem"> </span></span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><span style="font-size: 1rem">[SWAP_DEVICE] :关闭一个swap。</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1rem">free [-m]:查看swap的情况</span></p> <p><strong><span style="font-size: 1.133rem">SWAP配置实例:</span></strong></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1rem">1.创建一个磁盘分区。(btrfs的子卷,LVM逻辑卷可略过disk 分区步骤)</span></p> <p><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163825-58.gif" border="0" /><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163825-56.png" title="1458921000792204.png" alt="a5bb8278-2e62-4c13-8b16-9f36d83a906c.png" /></p> <p><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163825-40-1.png" title="1458921014115071.png" alt="27ffd91e-4546-4f28-8f83-1b451d9a2148.png" /><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163825-58.gif" border="0" /><span style="color:#ff0000"># <span style="font-size: 0.867rem">同步磁盘信息到内核</span></span></p> <p><span style="color:#ff0000"><span style="font-size: 0.867rem"><br /></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1rem">2.创建Swap分区</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1.133rem"><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163825-58.gif" border="0" /><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163825-83.png" title="1458921045648169.png" alt="6c70ac29-6692-4aa7-8e0c-63546eb5d15f.png" /></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1.133rem"><br /></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1rem">3.启用Swap,查看当前Swap信息</span></p> <p><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163825-51.png" title="1458921067958040.png" alt="1d7a4526-17b0-4dcb-86f9-c8f5a677ed47.png" /></p> <p><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163825-58.gif" border="0" /></p> <p>以M为单位:</p> <p><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163825-58.gif" border="0" /><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163826-58.png" title="1458921086312459.png" alt="d3d2df83-6974-42bb-8173-6950b2e8ba8e.png" /></p> <p>4.关闭Swap分区</p> <p><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163825-58.gif" border="0" /><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163826-2.png" title="1458921097167721.png" alt="d8173a9e-9b9b-45ef-a3c0-5b72f8028587.png" /></p> <p><strong>ps. </strong> <span style="text-decoration:underline"><strong><em><span style="font-size: 1.2rem">cache与buffers</span></em></strong></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="line-height: 25px"><strong>buffers(缓冲):</strong>为了解决设备间通信传输数量不一致时导致大量数据涌入,而导致速度快的设备空间无法处理的问题。</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="line-height: 25px"><strong><br /></strong></span></span></p> <p><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163826-44.png" border="0" title="1458920705850948.png" /><span style="font-size:16px"><span style="line-height: 25px"><strong><br /></strong></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1.067rem"><strong>cache(缓存):</strong>为了解决速度快的设备与速度慢的设备速度相差而导致的资源浪费的问题,缓存会预先载入数据,等待速度快的设备读取。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1.067rem"> <img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163826-25.png" border="0" title="1458920706876110.png" /><br /></span></p> <p><strong><br /></strong></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"><strong><span style="text-decoration:underline"><em><span style="font-size: 1.333rem">LVM (Logical Volume manager) </span></em></span></strong></span></p> <p><strong><span style="font-size: 1.133rem">LVM概述:</span></strong></p> <p>LVM是什么?<strong> </strong></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> Logical Volume manager ,逻辑卷管理,是先将磁盘分区设为物理卷(PV),然后将多组物理卷虚拟成一个卷组(VG),然后就可以操作卷组分割出一个一个独立的 逻辑卷(LV),在逻辑卷的基础上创建文件系统,卷组与逻辑卷可以根据实际需求来扩大和缩小,不会受到传统分区时固定大小的束缚。</span><strong><br /></strong></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163826-76.jpg" title="1458920706808605.jpg" /><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 0.867rem"> 图中,最上层代表实际的disk,第三层代表将实际的disk或分区后创建的物理卷(PV),第二层表示将不同的物理卷可以搭配创建成不同的卷组(VG),第四层表示在卷组上可以创建多个大小不同的逻辑卷(LV)。</span></p> <p>LVM的功能是什么?</p> <p> LVM可以将多个实际上的DISK组合成一个个PV,又可以将每几个PV组合成一个卷组,在卷组中又可以自由划分逻辑卷,以非常灵活的方式,弹性管理磁盘空间。</p> <p><strong><span style="font-size: 1.133rem">LVM Mnager Tool</span></strong></p> <p><span style="font-size: 17px;line-height: 27px"><strong><span style="font-size: 1rem"><span style="color:#ff6820">查看卷信息:</span></span></strong></span></p> <p> pvdisplay vg<span style="line-height: 1.6">display lv</span><span style="line-height: 1.6">display :显示卷信息。</span><span style="font-size: 17px;line-height: 27px"><strong><span style="font-size: 1rem"><span style="color:#ff6820"><br /></span></span></strong></span></p> <p> <span style="color:#009300"> pvscan vg<span style="line-height: 1.6">scan lv</span><span style="line-height: 1.6">scan:显示卷的磁盘空间使用情况。</span></span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p><strong><span style="color:#ff6820"><br /></span></strong></p> <p><strong><span style="color:#ff6820">物理卷管理(PV Manager):</span></strong></p> <p> pvcreate [OPTION] DEVICE… :创建一个物理卷。</p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> -f : force create</span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> -u:指定 UUID</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> -y:所有的交互都选择YES</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p> pvremove [OPTION] DEVICE…:删除一个物理卷。</p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> -ff :强制删除</span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> -y:所有的交互都选择YES</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"><strong> <span style="color:#ff6820">卷组管理(VG Manager):</span></strong></span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"> vgcreate [OPTION] </span><span style="line-height: 1.6">[VG_NAME]</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> [PV_DEVICE PATH]… :创建卷组。</span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> -l:卷组上允许创建最大逻辑卷数。</span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> -p:卷组上允许添加的最大物理卷数。</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> -s :指定PE大小,默认为4G。</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> vgremove [OPTION] </span><span style="line-height: 1.6">[VG_NAME]</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> … :删除卷组。</span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> -f:force remove</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p> </p> <p><span style="color:#009300"> vgextend [OPTION] [VG name] [PV_DEVICE_PATH]…:添加PV进已存在卷组。</span></p> <p><span style="color:#009300"> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> -f : force。</span><br /></span></p> <p><span style="color:#009300"> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> -y</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> :所有交互都选择YES。</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></span></p> <p><span style="color:#009300"> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></span></p> <p><span style="color:#009300"> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> vgreduce [OPTION] [VG_PATH] [PV_DEVICE_PATH]…:删除卷组中存在的PV。</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></span></p> <p><span style="color:#009300"> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> -a : 删除所有PV。</span></span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"> <span style="color:#ff6820"><strong> 逻辑卷管理(LV Manager):</strong></span></span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"> lvcreate [OPTION] [VG_NAME] : 创建一个逻辑卷。</span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> -n [LV_NAME] :指定逻辑卷的名称。</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> -L [LV_SIZE] :指定逻辑卷的大小。</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> -l [LE_NUMBER] :指定逻辑卷的LE数量,卷大小=LE数量 * PE_SIZE </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> <strong><em> </em><span style="text-decoration:underline">-s :创建一个 快照卷 (snapshot volume)</span></strong></span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> -p < R | W >: 指定权限。</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"> lvremove [OPTION] [LV_NAME] :删除一个逻辑卷。</span></p> <p> -f:force <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p><span style="color:#009300"><span style="line-height: 1.6"> lvextend [OPTION] [LV_PATH] </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></span></p> <p><span style="color:#009300"> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> -L [+] [LV_SIZE]</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> :添加具体的大小。</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></span></p> <p><span style="color:#009300"> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> -l [+] [LE_NUMBER] :添加多少块LE。</span><br /></span></p> <p><span style="color:#009300"><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span></span></p> <p><span style="color:#009300"> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> lvreduce [option] [LV_PATH]</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></span></p> <p><span style="color:#009300"> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> -L [-] [LV_SIZE]</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> :减少具体的大小。</span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></span></p> <p><span style="color:#009300"> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> -l [-] [LE_NUMBER] :减少多少块LE。</span></span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1.133rem"><strong>LVM扩容,缩减实例:</strong></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1.133rem"><strong><br /></strong></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1.133rem"> <strong> <span style="color:#3cb371"><span style="font-size: 1rem">LVM扩容实例:</span></span></strong></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1rem"><span style="color:#3cb371;font-weight: bold"> </span><strong><span style="color:#3cb371"> </span>1.查看LVM信息</strong></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1rem"> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> <span style="color:#ff0000">lsblk查看树状磁盘信息</span></span><br /></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1rem"> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163825-58.gif" border="0" /><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163826-35.png" title="1458921156852166.png" alt="4f9e8745-5877-462d-8603-e78cf96e39dd.png" /></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1rem"><br /></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1rem"> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> <span style="color:#ff0000">查看卷组mygroup信息</span></span><br /></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1rem"> </span><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163825-58.gif" border="0" /> <img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163826-56.png" title="1458921177880868.png" alt="421384d4-45ca-4b2d-9fd3-a1153d7b188e.png" /></p> <p></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> <span style="color:#ff0000">查看逻辑卷group1的信息</span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1.133rem;line-height: 1.6"> </span><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163825-58.gif" border="0" /> <img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163826-52.png" title="1458921199791515.png" alt="7c412442-bbd2-4470-b22b-07c18972dd7c.png" /></p> <p> </p> <p> 2.<strong>创建磁盘分区</strong></p> <p><strong><br /></strong></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> <span style="color:#ff0000"> 创建一个分区,/dev/sdb1,并设置格式为LVM</span></span></p> <p> <img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163825-58.gif" border="0" /><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163826-4.png" title="1458921213141087.png" alt="518039296.png" /></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"> <strong> </strong></span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"><strong> 3.创建物理卷并扩容VG与LV</strong></span><strong> </strong><span style="line-height: 1.6"><strong> </strong> </span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> <span style="color:#ff0000">创建物理卷</span></span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1.133rem"><strong> </strong></span><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163825-58.gif" border="0" /> <img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163826-87.png" title="1458921237119716.png" alt="009bf839-a7ab-4e40-97fd-d0dc85f309eb.png" /></p> <p> </p> <p><span style="color:#ff0000"> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> 为卷组mygroup扩容</span><br /></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1.133rem"> <img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163825-58.gif" border="0" /> </span><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163826-4-1.png" title="1458921252377652.png" alt="86688b04-5136-4f41-87b4-0c67e186ce1a.png" style="font-size: 18.128px" /><span style="font-size: 1.133rem"> </span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1.133rem"><br /></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1.133rem"> <span style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.6"> <span style="color:#ff0000">查看mygroup卷组信息,可以看见size从5G变成7G</span></span><br /></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1.133rem"> <img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163826-34.png" title="1458921309852466.png" alt="fb53edf9-bf9d-4dd1-9ec4-7190249beebd.png" /> </span><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163825-58.gif" border="0" /></p> <p></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> <span style="color:#ff0000"> 为逻辑卷group1扩容,增加2G</span></span></p> <p> <img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163825-58.gif" border="0" /><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163826-50.png" title="1458921333483666.png" alt="517923046.png" /></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><span style="color:#ff0000">查看LV的信息</span></span></p> <p> <img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163825-58.gif" border="0" /><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163826-39.png" title="1458921349848929.png" alt="518237359.png" /></p> <p></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><span style="color:#ff0000">执行xfs_growfs 或者 resize2fs 激活,将扩容信息告诉内核。</span></span></p> <p> <img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163825-58.gif" border="0" /><img src="/upload/ekkoxuakhmq.png" title="1458921375302621.png" alt="518334109.png" />、</p> <p></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1.133rem"><strong><br /></strong></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1.133rem"><strong> <span style="color:#3cb371"><span style="font-size: 1rem">LVM缩减实例:</span></span></strong><strong><span style="color:#3cb371"><span style="font-size: 1rem"><br /></span></span></strong></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1.133rem"> <span style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.6"> <strong> 1.查看状态</strong></span><strong><span style="color:#3cb371"><span style="font-size: 1rem"><br /></span></span></strong></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1.133rem"> <span style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.6"> <span style="color:#ff0000">查看LV信息</span></span><strong><span style="color:#3cb371"><span style="font-size: 1rem"><br /></span></span></strong></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1.133rem"> <img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163825-58.gif" border="0" /> <img src="/upload/m5kfr0ox4nz.png" title="1458921404688678.png" alt="518880375.png" /></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1.133rem"> <br /></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1.133rem"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> <strong>2.缩减大小</strong></span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><strong> </strong> </span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1.133rem"> <span style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.6"> <span style="color:#ff0000">搜减LV大小3G</span></span><span style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1.133rem"> <span style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.6"> </span><img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163825-58.gif" border="0" /> <img src="/upload/1jp4gfe5zhr.png" title="1458921418619148.png" alt="1a7ef4d5-6a5a-41aa-8223-34b069470d3f.png" /><strong><span style="color:#3cb371"><span style="font-size: 1rem"><br /></span></span></strong></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1.133rem"><br /></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1.133rem"> <span style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.6"> <span style="color:#ff0000"> 缩减卷组</span></span><br /></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1.133rem"> <img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163825-58.gif" border="0" /> <span style="color:#ff0000"><span style="font-size: 0.8rem"><strong>缩减卷组,去除物理卷</strong></span></span><br /></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1.133rem"> <span style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.6"> <img src="/upload/dia04rh1fag.png" title="1458921464194657.png" alt="1a7ef4d5-6a5a-41aa-8223-34b069470d3f.png" /></span><span style="color:#ff0000"><span style="font-size: 0.8rem"><strong><br /></strong></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1.133rem"><span style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1.133rem"> <span style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.6"> <strong> </strong></span><span style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.6"><strong> 3.查看缩减结果</strong></span><span style="color:#ff0000"><span style="font-size: 0.8rem"><strong><br /></strong></span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1.133rem"> <span style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.6"> <span style="color:#ff0000"> 查看缩减后的逻辑卷状态</span></span><span style="font-size: 15px;line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1.133rem"> <img src="//cto.wang/usr/uploads/2016/07/20160703163825-58.gif" border="0" /> <img src="/upload/alwxakphaue.png" title="1458921455784343.png" alt="518903171.png" /></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1.133rem"><br /></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1.133rem"><br /></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 17px;line-height: 27px"><br /></span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 17px;line-height: 27px"> Ps 强行把博客写的那么乱。。仅是个人笔记学习备忘。。。</span></p> <p><span style="font-size: 1.133rem"> <strong><span style="color:#3cb371"><span style="font-size: 1rem"><br /></span></span></strong></span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span></p> <p><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span></p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span><span style="line-height: 1.6"><br /></span></p> <p> </p> <p><strong><span style="color:#ff6820"><br /></span></strong></p> <p><strong><span style="color:#ff6820"><br /></span></strong></p> <p><strong><br /></strong></p> <p> </p> <p> <span style="line-height: 1.6"> </span></p> <p></p> 最后修改:2021 年 12 月 10 日 10 : 53 AM © 允许规范转载 赞赏 如果觉得我的文章对你有用,请随意赞赏 赞赏作者 支付宝微信